31 They were undiscerning, untrustworthy, without natural affection or pity.
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 1
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 31
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:31. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
28
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
ἀσυνέτους, ἀσυνθέτους, ἀστόργους, ἀσπόνδους, ἀνελεήμονας·
5 word entries
ἀσυνέτους
ἀσυνθέτους
- Lemma
- asunqetouv
- Transliteration
- asunqetouv
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G802
- Occurrences
- 1
ἀστόργους
ἀσπόνδους
ἀνελεήμονας
- Lemma
- anelehmonav
- Transliteration
- anelehmonav
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G415
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ἀσυνέτους, ἀσυνθέτους, ἀστόργους, ἀνελεήμονας·
4 word entries
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܕܩܝܡܐ ܠܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܘܠܐ ܚܘܒܐ ܘܠܐ ܫܝܢܐ ܘܠܐ ܪܚܡܐ ܐܝܬ ܒܗܘܢ
11 word entries
ܘܕܩܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܩܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- wdqym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܝܬ
- Transliteration
- lyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 129
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 830
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 732
ܚܘܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܘܒܐ
- Transliteration
- hwb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 36
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 732
ܫܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- shyn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 732
ܪܚܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܚܡܐ
- Transliteration
- rhm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 24
ܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- 'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 330
ܒܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 69
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
insipientes, incompositos, sine affectione, absque fœdere, sine misericordia.
8 word entries
insipientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insipiens
- Transliteration
- insipientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 53
inconpositos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- incompositus
- Transliteration
- inconpositos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
sine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sine
- Transliteration
- sine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 241
affectione
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- affectio
- Transliteration
- affectione
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 3
absque
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- absque
- Transliteration
- absque
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 208
foedere
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- foedus
- Transliteration
- foedere
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 213
sine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sine
- Transliteration
- sine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 241
misericordia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- misericordia
- Transliteration
- misericordia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 362
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Timothy 3:3
incapable of affection, merciless, slanderous, wanting in self-control, brutal, careless of the right,
6 relevance votesProverbs 18:2
6 relevance votesRomans 3:11
not one who understands, not one who is searching for God!
5 relevance votesJeremiah 4:22
3 relevance votesMatthew 15:16
“What, do even you understand nothing yet?” Jesus exclaimed.
3 relevance votes