1 From Paul, a servant of Jesus Christ, who has been called to become an apostle, and has been set apart to tell God’s good news.
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 1
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 1
Show original chapter
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
39
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Παῦλος, δοῦλος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος, ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγγέλιον Θεοῦ,
10 word entries
Παῦλος
δοῦλος
Ἰησοῦ
Χριστοῦ
κλητὸς
ἀπόστολος
ἀφωρισμένος
- Lemma
- afwrismenov
- Transliteration
- afwrismenov
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect passive participle nominative singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G873
- Occurrences
- 1
εἰς
εὐαγγέλιον
- Lemma
- euaggelion
- Transliteration
- euaggelion
- Morphology
- Greek: noun accusative singular neuter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G2098
- Occurrences
- 41
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Παῦλος δοῦλος Χριστοῦ Ἰησοῦ, κλητὸς ἀπόστολος ἀφωρισμένος εἰς εὐαγγέλιον θεοῦ,
10 word entries
εὐαγγέλιον
- Lemma
- εὐαγγέλιον
- Morphology
- N-ASN
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G2098
- Occurrences
- 76
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܦܘܠܘܣ ܥܒܕܐ ܕܝܫܘܥ ܡܫܝܚܐ ܩܪܝܐ ܘܫܠܝܚܐ ܕܐܬܦܪܫ ܠܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ ܕܐܠܗܐ
9 word entries
ܦܘܠܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܘܠܘܣ
- Transliteration
- pwlws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 110
ܥܒܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܕܐ
- Transliteration
- 'bd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 132
ܕܝܫܘܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܫܘܥ
- Transliteration
- dyshw'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 124
ܡܫܝܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܝܚܐ
- Transliteration
- mshyh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 404
ܩܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- qry'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 13
ܘܫܠܝܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܠܝܚܐ
- Transliteration
- wshlyh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
ܕܐܬܦܪܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܬܦܪܫ
- Transliteration
- d'tprsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܠܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܘܢܓܠܝܘܢ
- Transliteration
- l'wnglywn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 586
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Paulus, servus Jesu Christi, vocatus Apostolus, segregatus in Evangelium Dei,
10 word entries
Paulus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Paulus
- Transliteration
- Paulus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 158
servus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- seruus
- Transliteration
- servus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 846
Christi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Christus
- Transliteration
- Christi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 541
Iesu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iesus
- Transliteration
- Iesu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 970
vocatus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uoco
- Transliteration
- vocatus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 652
apostolus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- apostolus
- Transliteration
- apostolus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 80
segregatus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- segrego
- Transliteration
- segregatus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 9
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
evangelium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- euangelium
- Transliteration
- evangelium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 78
Dei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Dei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Acts 9:15
But the Lord said to him, “Go, for this man is my chosen instrument to uphold my name before the Gentiles and their kings, and the people of Israel.
32 relevance votesRomans 15:16
because of the charge with which God has entrusted me, that I should be an assistant of Christ Jesus to go to the Gentiles – that I should act as a priest of God’s good news, so that the offering up of the Gentiles may be an acceptable sacrifice, consecrated by the Holy Spirit.
23 relevance votes1 Corinthians 1:1
To the church of God in Corinth, to those who have been consecrated by union with Christ Jesus and called to become his people, and also to all, wherever they may be, who invoke the name of our Lord Jesus Christ – their Master and ours,
21 relevance votesJeremiah 1:5
18 relevance votesColossians 1:1
From Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus, by the will of God, and from Timothy, also a follower of the Lord.
17 relevance votesTitus 1:1
From Paul, a servant of God, and an apostle of Jesus Christ, on behalf of the faith of God’s chosen people, and their knowledge of that truth which makes for godliness
15 relevance votesRomans 1:9
God, to whom I offer the worship of my soul as I tell the goodness of his Son, is my witness how constantly I mention you when I pray,
11 relevance votes2 Corinthians 1:1
To the church of God in Corinth, and to all Christ’s people throughout Greece, from Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus, by the will of God, and from Timothy, who is also a follower.
11 relevance votes1 Corinthians 9:1
Am I not free? Am I not an apostle? Have I not seen our Lord Jesus? Aren’t you yourselves my work achieved in union with the Lord?
9 relevance votes1 Timothy 1:1
From Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus by the appointment of God, our Savior, and Christ Jesus, our hope.
8 relevance votesGalatians 1:1
To the churches in Galatia, from Paul, an apostle whose commission is not from any human authority and is given, not by human beings, but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead;
7 relevance votes2 Timothy 1:11
of which I was myself appointed a herald, apostle, and teacher.
7 relevance votes