30 They became back-biters, slanderers, impious, insolent, boastful. They devised new sins. They disobeyed their parents.
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 1
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 30
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:30. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
44
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
καταλάλους, θεοστυγεῖς, ὑβριστάς, ὑπερηφάνους, ἀλαζόνας, ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν, γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς,
9 word entries
καταλάλους
- Lemma
- katalalouv
- Transliteration
- katalalouv
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G2637
- Occurrences
- 1
θεοστυγεῖς
- Lemma
- qeostugeiv
- Transliteration
- qeostugeiv
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G2319
- Occurrences
- 1
ὑβριστάς
ὑπερηφάνους
- Lemma
- uperhfanouv
- Transliteration
- uperhfanouv
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G5244
- Occurrences
- 2
ἀλαζόνας
ἐφευρετὰς
κακῶν
γονεῦσιν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ψιθυριστάς, καταλάλους, θεοστυγεῖς, ὑβριστάς, ὑπερηφάνους, ἀλαζόνας, ἐφευρετὰς κακῶν, γονεῦσιν ἀπειθεῖς,
10 word entries
ψιθυριστάς,
- Lemma
- ψιθυριστής
- Morphology
- N-APM
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G5588
- Occurrences
- 1
ὑπερηφάνους,
- Lemma
- ὑπερήφανος
- Morphology
- A-APM
- Part of Speech
- A
- Strong's
- G5244
- Occurrences
- 5
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܪܛܢܐ ܘܡܐܟܠܩܪܨܐ ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ ܠܐܠܗܐ ܡܨܥܪܢܐ ܚܬܝܪܐ ܫܒܗܪܢܐ ܡܫܟܚܝ ܒܝܫܬܐ ܚܣܝܪܝ ܪܥܝܢܐ ܕܠܐܒܗܝܗܘܢ ܠܐ ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
14 word entries
ܘܪܛܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܪܛܢܐ
- Transliteration
- wrtn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܡܐܟܠܩܪܨܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܐܟܠܩܪܨܐ
- Transliteration
- wm'klqrs'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܣܢܝܐܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wsny'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- l'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 182
ܡܨܥܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܨܥܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ms'rn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܚܬܝܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܬܝܪܐ
- Transliteration
- htyr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܫܒܗܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܒܗܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- shbhrn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܡܫܟܚܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܟܚܝ
- Transliteration
- mshkhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܝܫܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܝܫܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bysht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 66
ܚܣܝܪܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܣܝܪܝ
- Transliteration
- hsyry
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܪܥܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܥܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- r'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 27
ܕܠܐܒܗܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐܒܗܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dl'bhyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mttpysyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 15
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
detractores, Deo odibiles, contumeliosos, superbos, elatos, inventores malorum, parentibus non obedientes,
11 word entries
detractores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- detractor
- Transliteration
- detractores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 4
Deo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
odibiles
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- odibilis
- Transliteration
- odibiles
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 11
contumeliosos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contumeliosus
- Transliteration
- contumeliosos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 4
superbos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- superbus
- Transliteration
- superbos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 63
elatos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- effero
- Transliteration
- elatos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 37
inventores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuentor
- Transliteration
- inventores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
malorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- malum
- Transliteration
- malorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 129
parentibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- parens
- Transliteration
- parentibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 58
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
oboedientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- obedio
- Transliteration
- oboedientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 82
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Timothy 3:2
People will be selfish, mercenary, boastful, haughty, and blasphemous; disobedient to their parents, ungrateful, impure,
10 relevance votesJude 1:16
These people are always murmuring, and complaining of their lot; they follow where their passions lead them; they have arrogant words on their lips; and they flatter others for the sake of what they can get from them.
5 relevance votes2 Peter 2:18
With boastful and foolish talk, they appeal to the passions of people’s lower nature, and, by their profligacy, entice those who are just escaping from the people who live such misguided lives.
4 relevance votesTitus 3:3
There was a time when we ourselves were foolish, disobedient, misled, enslaved to all kinds of desires and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hating ourselves and hating one another.
3 relevance votesJames 4:16
But as it is, you are boasting presumptuously! All such boasting is wicked.
3 relevance votesJames 3:5
So it is with the tongue. Small as it is, it is a great boaster. Think how a tiny spark may set the largest forest ablaze!
3 relevance votesPsalms 81:15
Those who hate the Lord would cringe before him in everlasting terror.
2 relevance votesPsalms 99:8
Lord our God, you gave them answer. A God of forgiveness were you to them, who suffered their deeds to go unpunished.
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 7:10
2 relevance votesMatthew 16:21
At that time Jesus Christ began to explain to his disciples that he must go to Jerusalem, and undergo much suffering at the hands of the elders, and chief priests, and teachers of the Law, and be put to death, and rise on the third day.
2 relevance votes