24 Therefore God abandoned them to impurity, letting them follow the cravings of their hearts, until they dishonored their own bodies;
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 1
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 24
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:24. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
71
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Διὸ καὶ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν, τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς·
21 word entries
Διὸ
καὶ
παρέδωκεν
αὐτοὺς
ὁ
Θεὸς
ἐν
ταῖς
ἐπιθυμίαις
- Lemma
- epiqumiaiv
- Transliteration
- epiqumiaiv
- Morphology
- Greek: noun dative plural feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G1939
- Occurrences
- 10
τῶν
καρδιῶν
αὐτῶν
εἰς
ἀκαθαρσίαν
- Lemma
- akaqarsian
- Transliteration
- akaqarsian
- Morphology
- Greek: noun accusative singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G167
- Occurrences
- 2
τοῦ
ἀτιμάζεσθαι
- Lemma
- atimazesqai
- Transliteration
- atimazesqai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive infinitive
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G818
- Occurrences
- 1
τὰ
σώματα
αὐτῶν
ἐν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
διὸ παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ θεὸς ἐν ταῖς ἐπιθυμίαις τῶν καρδιῶν αὐτῶν εἰς ἀκαθαρσίαν τοῦ ἀτιμάζεσθαι τὰ σώματα αὐτῶν ἐν αὐτοῖς,
20 word entries
παρέδωκεν
- Lemma
- παραδίδωμι
- Morphology
- V-AAI-3S
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G3860
- Occurrences
- 119
ὁ
θεὸς
ἐν
ταῖς
τῶν
τοῦ
τὰ
ἐν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܛܠ ܗܢܐ ܐܫܠܡ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܠܗܐ ܠܪܓܝܓܬܐ ܛܡܐܬܐ ܕܠܒܗܘܢ ܕܢܨܥܪܘܢ ܦܓܪܝܗܘܢ ܒܗܘܢ
11 word entries
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 632
ܗܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܢܐ
- Transliteration
- hn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 482
ܐܫܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܫܠܡ
- Transliteration
- 'shlm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 462
ܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- alaha
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- God
- Occurrences
- 497
ܠܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Transliteration
- lrgygt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܛܡܐܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܛܡܐܬܐ
- Transliteration
- tm't'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܠܒܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܒܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dlbhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܢܨܥܪܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܨܥܪܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dns'rwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܦܓܪܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܓܪܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- pgryhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 69
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Propter quod tradidit illos Deus in desideria cordis eorum, in immunditiam, ut contumeliis afficiant corpora sua in semetipsis:
19 word entries
propter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propter
- Transliteration
- propter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 688
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
tradidit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- trado
- Transliteration
- tradidit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 513
illos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
Deus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
desideria
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- desiderium
- Transliteration
- desideria
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 60
cordis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cor
- Transliteration
- cordis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1028
eorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
inmunditiam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- immunditia
- Transliteration
- inmunditiam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 47
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
contumeliis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contumelia
- Transliteration
- contumeliis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 38
adficiant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- afficio
- Transliteration
- adficiant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 13
corpora
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- corpus
- Transliteration
- corpora
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 228
sua
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- sua
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
semet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sui
- Transliteration
- semet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1317
ipsis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Acts 7:42
So God turned from them and left them to the worship of the Starry Host, as is written in the book of the prophets – ‘Did you offer victims and sacrifices to me, house of Israel, all those forty years in the desert?
23 relevance votesActs 14:16
In bygone times he permitted all the nations to go their own ways.
20 relevance votesMatthew 15:14
Leave them be; they are but blind guides; and, if one blind person guides another, both of them will fall into a ditch.”
20 relevance votesLeviticus 18:22
13 relevance votes1 Thessalonians 4:4
each of you learning to gain control over your own body, in a way that is holy and honorable,
11 relevance votes1 Corinthians 6:13
Food exists for the stomach, and the stomach for food; but God will put an end to both the one and the other. The body, however, exists, not for immorality, but for the Lord, and the Lord for the body;
11 relevance votes1 Corinthians 6:18
Shun all immorality. Every other sin that people commit is something outside the body; but an immoral person sins against their own body.
11 relevance votesRomans 6:12
Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal bodies and compel you to obey its cravings.
7 relevance votes