23 and they transformed the glory of the immortal God into the likeness of mortal humans, and of birds, and beasts, and reptiles.
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 1
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 23
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
67
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου Θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πετεινῶν καὶ τετραπόδων καὶ ἑρπετῶν.
18 word entries
καὶ
ἤλλαξαν
τὴν
δόξαν
τοῦ
ἀφθάρτου
Θεοῦ
ἐν
ὁμοιώματι
εἰκόνος
φθαρτοῦ
ἀνθρώπου
καὶ
πετεινῶν
καὶ
τετραπόδων
- Lemma
- tetrapodwn
- Transliteration
- tetrapodwn
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective genitive plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G5074
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
καὶ ἤλλαξαν τὴν δόξαν τοῦ ἀφθάρτου θεοῦ ἐν ὁμοιώματι εἰκόνος φθαρτοῦ ἀνθρώπου καὶ πετεινῶν καὶ τετραπόδων καὶ ἑρπετῶν.
18 word entries
καὶ
τὴν
τοῦ
θεοῦ
ἐν
καὶ
καὶ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܚܠܦܘ ܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ ܕܠܐ ܡܬܚܒܠ ܒܕܡܘܬܐ ܕܨܠܡܐ ܕܒܪܢܫܐ ܕܡܬܚܒܠ ܘܒܕܡܘܬܐ ܕܦܪܚܬܐ ܘܕܐܪܒܥܬ ܪܓܠܝܗ ܘܕܪܚܫܐ ܕܐܪܥܐ
15 word entries
ܘܚܠܦܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܠܦܘ
- Transliteration
- whlpw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܫܒܘܚܬܗ
- Transliteration
- tshbwhth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 8
ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- d'lh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 586
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܡܬܚܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܚܒܠ
- Transliteration
- mthbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
ܒܕܡܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܕܡܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bdmwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 19
ܕܨܠܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܨܠܡܐ
- Transliteration
- dslm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܒܪܢܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܪܢܫܐ
- Transliteration
- dbrnsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܕܡܬܚܒܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܬܚܒܠ
- Transliteration
- dmthbl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܒܕܡܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܕܡܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- wbdmwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܦܪܚܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܦܪܚܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dprht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܕܐܪܒܥܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܐܪܒܥܬ
- Transliteration
- wd'rb't
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܪܓܠܝܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܓܠܝܗ
- Transliteration
- rglyh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܕܪܚܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܪܚܫܐ
- Transliteration
- wdrhsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܥܐ
- Transliteration
- d'r''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 52
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Et mutaverunt gloriam incorruptibilis Dei in similitudinem imaginis corruptibilis hominis, et volucrum, et quadrupedum, et serpentium.
16 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
mutaverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- muto
- Transliteration
- mutaverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 57
gloriam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gloria
- Transliteration
- gloriam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 475
incorruptibilis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- incorruptibilis
- Transliteration
- incorruptibilis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 3
Dei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Dei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
similitudinem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- similitudo
- Transliteration
- similitudinem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 84
imaginis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- imago
- Transliteration
- imaginis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 51
corruptibilis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- corruptibilis
- Transliteration
- corruptibilis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 9
hominis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- homo
- Transliteration
- hominis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1653
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
volucrum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uolucris
- Transliteration
- volucrum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 47
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
quadrupedum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quadrupes
- Transliteration
- quadrupedum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
serpentium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- serpens
- Transliteration
- serpentium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Psalms 106:20
They exchanged their glorious God for the image of an ox that eats grass.
19 relevance votesJeremiah 2:11
11 relevance votesActs 17:29
Therefore, as the offspring of God, we must not think that the Deity has any resemblance to anything made of gold, or silver, or stone – a work of human art and imagination.
10 relevance votes1 Peter 4:3
Surely in the past you have spent time enough living as the Gentiles delight to live. For your path has lain among scenes of debauchery, licentiousness, drunkenness, revelry, hard-drinking, and profane idolatry.
9 relevance votesRomans 1:25
for they had substituted a lie for the truth about God, and had reverenced and worshiped created things more than the Creator, who is to be praised for ever. Amen.
8 relevance votesDeuteronomy 5:8
7 relevance votesEzekiel 8:10
7 relevance votesIsaiah 44:13
5 relevance votesIsaiah 40:18
5 relevance votes1 Corinthians 12:2
You know that there was a time when you were Gentiles, going astray after idols that could not speak, just as you happened to be led.
4 relevance votesIsaiah 40:26
4 relevance votesRevelation 9:20
But those who were left of humanity, who had not perished through these curses, did not repent and turn away from what their own hands had made; they would not abandon the worship of demons, and of idols made of gold or silver or brass or stone or wood, which can neither see, nor hear, nor walk;
3 relevance votes