31 It was the Preparation day, and so, to prevent the bodies from remaining on the crosses during the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a great day), the Jews asked Pilate to have the legs broken and the bodies removed.
Open English Bible, US Edition
John 19
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 31
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to John 19:31. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
130
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Οἱ οὖν Ἰουδαῖοι, ἵνα μὴ μείνῃ ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τὰ σώματα ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ, ἐπεὶ Παρασκευὴ ἦν — ἦν γὰρ μεγάλη ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνου τοῦ σαββάτου — ἠρώτησαν τὸν Πιλάτον ἵνα κατεαγῶσιν αὐτῶν τὰ σκέλη, καὶ ἀρθῶσιν.
38 word entries
oi
oun
ioudaioi
epei
paraskeuh
hn
ina
mh
meinh
epi
tou
staurou
ta
swmata
en
tw
sabbatw
epei
paraskeuh
hn
hn
gar
megalh
h
hmera
ekeinou
tou
sabbatou
hrwthsan
ton
pilaton
ina
kateagwsin
- Lemma
- kateagwsin
- Transliteration
- kateagwsin
- Morphology
- Greek: verb second aorist passive subjunctive plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2608
- Occurrences
- 1
autwn
ta
skelh
kai
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Οἱ οὖν Ἰουδαῖοι, ἐπεὶ παρασκευὴ ἦν, ἵνα μὴ μείνῃ ἐπὶ τοῦ σταυροῦ τὰ σώματα ἐν τῷ σαββάτῳ, ἦν γὰρ μεγάλη ἡ ἡμέρα ἐκείνου τοῦ σαββάτου, ἠρώτησαν τὸν Πειλᾶτον ἵνα κατεαγῶσιν αὐτῶν τὰ σκέλη καὶ ἀρθῶσιν.
35 word entries
Οἱ
ἦν,
τοῦ
τὰ
ἐν
τῷ
ἦν
ἡ
τοῦ
τὸν
τὰ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܝܗܘܕܝܐ ܕܝܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܥܪܘܒܬܐ ܗܘܬ ܐܡܪܝܢ ܠܐ ܢܒܘܬܘܢ ܦܓܪܐ ܗܠܝܢ ܥܠ ܙܩܝܦܝܗܘܢ ܡܛܠ ܕܫܒܬܐ ܢܓܗܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܗܘܐ ܓܝܪ ܪܒܐ ܝܘܡܐ ܕܫܒܬܐ ܗܝ ܘܒܥܘ ܡܢ ܦܝܠܛܘܣ ܕܢܬܒܪܘܢ ܫܩܝܗܘܢ ܕܗܢܘܢ ܙܩܝܦܐ ܘܢܚܬܘܢ ܐܢܘܢ
31 word entries
ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܗܘܕܝܐ
- Transliteration
- yhwdy'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 124
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 632
ܕܥܪܘܒܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܪܘܒܬܐ
- Transliteration
- d'rwbt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܗܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܬ
- Transliteration
- hwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 248
ܐܡܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'mryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 174
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 1681
ܢܒܘܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܒܘܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nbwtwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܦܓܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܓܪܐ
- Transliteration
- pgr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 42
ܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 451
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܙܩܝܦܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܩܝܦܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- zqypyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 632
ܕܫܒܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܒܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dshbt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 17
ܢܓܗܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܓܗܐ
- Transliteration
- ngh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 2
ܝܘܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܡܐ
- Transliteration
- ywm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 60
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܓܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܝܪ
- Transliteration
- gyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1085
ܪܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܒܐ
- Transliteration
- rb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 108
ܝܘܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܡܐ
- Transliteration
- ywm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 60
ܕܫܒܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܫܒܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dshbt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 17
ܗܝ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܝ
- Transliteration
- hi
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, feminine singular
- Gloss
- she, it, is
- Occurrences
- 403
ܘܒܥܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܥܘ
- Transliteration
- wb'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 9
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܦܝܠܛܘܣ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܝܠܛܘܣ
- Transliteration
- pyltws
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 53
ܕܢܬܒܪܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܬܒܪܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dntbrwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܫܩܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܩܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- shqyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܗܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܗܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dhnwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 33
ܙܩܝܦܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܙܩܝܦܐ
- Transliteration
- zqyp'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܢܚܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܢܚܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wnhtwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 462
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Judæi ergo (quoniam parasceve erat) ut non remanerent in cruce corpora sabbato (erat enim magnus dies ille sabbati), rogaverunt Pilatum ut frangerentur eorum crura, et tollerentur.
26 word entries
Iudaei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Iudaei
- Transliteration
- Iudaei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 362
ergo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ergo
- Transliteration
- ergo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1237
quoniam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quoniam
- Transliteration
- quoniam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1134
parasceve
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- parasceue
- Transliteration
- parasceve
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 6
erat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
remanerent
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- remaneo
- Transliteration
- remanerent
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 113
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
cruce
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- crux
- Transliteration
- cruce
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 34
corpora
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- corpus
- Transliteration
- corpora
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 228
sabbato
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sabbatum
- Transliteration
- sabbato
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 200
erat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- erat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
enim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- enim
- Transliteration
- enim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2392
magnus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- magnus
- Transliteration
- magnus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1017
dies
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dies
- Transliteration
- dies
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 2559
ille
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- ille
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
sabbati
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sabbatum
- Transliteration
- sabbati
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 200
rogaverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- rogo
- Transliteration
- rogaverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 162
Pilatum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Pilatus
- Transliteration
- Pilatum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 55
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
frangerentur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- frango
- Transliteration
- frangerentur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 43
eorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
crura
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- crus
- Transliteration
- crura
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 7
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
tollerentur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tollo
- Transliteration
- tollerentur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 348
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
John 19:14
It was the Passover Preparation day, and about noon. Then he said to the crowd, “Here is your king!”
10 relevance votesJohn 19:42
And so, because of its being the Preparation day, and as the tomb was close at hand, they laid Jesus there.
7 relevance votesMark 15:42
The evening had already fallen, when, as it was the Preparation day – the day before the Sabbath –
5 relevance votesJoshua 8:29
Joshua hung the king of Ai on a tree until evening. At sunset Joshua ordered his body to be taken down from the tree and thrown down at the entrance to the town-gate. They raised a cairn of stones over it, which is there to this day.
4 relevance votesProverbs 12:10
3 relevance votesMicah 3:3
“They devour the flesh of my people, and their hide they strip from off them, and break in pieces and serve up their bones, like meat in a pot or the cooking pan!
3 relevance votesJohn 19:1
After that, Pilate had Jesus scourged.
3 relevance votesExodus 12:16
3 relevance votesMatthew 27:62
The next day – that is, the day following the Preparation-day – the chief priests and Pharisees came in a body to Pilate, and said,
2 relevance votes