2 Maccabees
Chapter 5
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Verse 22
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World English Bible Updated

2 Maccabees 5

World English Bible Updated, Verse 22

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22 Moreover he left governors to afflict the race: at Jerusalem, Philip, by race a Phrygian, and in character more barbarous than him who set him there;

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Maccabees 5:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3
Word Entries 66
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Κατέλιπε δὲ καὶ ἐπιστάτας τοῦ κακοῦν τὸ γένος, ἐν μὲν Ἱεροσολύμοις Φίλιππον, τὸ μὲν γένος Φρύγα, τὸν δὲ τρόπον βαρβαρώτερον ἔχοντα τοῦ καταστήσαντος·

23 word entries
Κατέλιπε
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
katelipe
Morphology
vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss
form requires context
Part of Speech
verb/noun form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
12
δὲ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
δέ
Transliteration
de
Morphology
postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss
but, and, now
Part of Speech
conjunction/particle
Definition
Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences
4634
καὶ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
καί
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and, also, even
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
56730
ἐπιστάτας
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
epistatas
Morphology
accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
τοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
κακοῦν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
kakoyn
Morphology
accusative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
3
τὸ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
γένος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
genos
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
race, kind, family
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Kind, race, family, generation, or people.
Occurrences
91
ἐν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
ἐν
Transliteration
en
Morphology
preposition with dative
Gloss
in, among, with
Part of Speech
preposition
Definition
Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's
G1722
Occurrences
13086
μὲν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
μέν
Transliteration
men
Morphology
postpositive particle
Gloss
indeed, on the one hand
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Postpositive particle often paired with δέ.
Occurrences
179
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
ierosolymois
Morphology
dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss
to/for ...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
12
Φίλιππον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
philippon
Morphology
accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
5
τὸ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
μὲν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
μέν
Transliteration
men
Morphology
postpositive particle
Gloss
indeed, on the one hand
Part of Speech
particle
Definition
Postpositive particle often paired with δέ.
Occurrences
179
γένος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
genos
Morphology
noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss
race, kind, family
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Kind, race, family, generation, or people.
Occurrences
91
Φρύγα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
phryga
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
τὸν
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
δὲ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
δέ
Transliteration
de
Morphology
postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss
but, and, now
Part of Speech
conjunction/particle
Definition
Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences
4634
τρόπον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Transliteration
tropon
Morphology
noun, masculine accusative singular
Gloss
way, manner
Part of Speech
noun
Definition
Way, manner, or mode.
Occurrences
212
βαρβαρώτερον
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
barbaroteron
Morphology
accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
ἔχοντα
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium
Confidence note
Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Transliteration
echonta
Morphology
nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
11
τοῦ
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
medium high
Confidence note
Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma
Transliteration
ho
Morphology
definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss
the
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
80473
καταστήσαντος
Status
Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence
low
Confidence note
Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Transliteration
katastesantos
Morphology
nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss
...
Part of Speech
noun/adjective form
Definition
Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences
1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܫܒܩ ܩܝܘ̈ܡܐ ܕܗܘܘ ܡܒܐܫܝܢ ܠܒܢ̈ܝ ܥܡܢ ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܕܝܢ ܫܒܩ ܠܦܝܠܝܦܘܣ ܕܓܢܣܗ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܗܘܐ ܦܪܘܓܝܐ ܘܪܥܝܢܗ ܛܡܐܐ ܗܘܐ ܘܛܪܘܢܐ ܘܢܕܝܕܐ ܒܝܫ ܡܢ ܗܘ ܕܫܒܩܗ

23 word entries
ܘܫܒܩ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wshbq
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
35
ܩܝܘ̈ܡܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
qywm'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
12
ܕܗܘܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dhww
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
57
ܡܒܐܫܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
mb'shyn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences
4
ܠܒܢ̈ܝ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lbny
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
121
ܥܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܡܢ
Transliteration
'mn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
66
ܒܐܘܪܫܠܡ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
b'wrshlm
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
167
ܕܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܕܝܢ
Transliteration
dyn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
951
ܫܒܩ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܫܒܩ
Transliteration
shbq
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
57
ܠܦܝܠܝܦܘܣ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lpylypws
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
5
ܕܓܢܣܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dgnsh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
1
ܐܝܬܘܗܝ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'ytwhy
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
64
ܗܘܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘܐ
Transliteration
hwa
Morphology
verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss
was, became
Occurrences
1800
ܦܪܘܓܝܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
prwgy'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
1
ܘܪܥܝܢܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wr'ynh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
1
ܛܡܐܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
tm''
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences
19
ܗܘܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘܐ
Transliteration
hwa
Morphology
verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss
was, became
Occurrences
1800
ܘܛܪܘܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wtrwn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
4
ܘܢܕܝܕܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wndyd'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
4
ܒܝܫ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܒܝܫ
Transliteration
bysh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
17
ܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܡܢ
Transliteration
mn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
5552
ܗܘ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܗܘ
Transliteration
hu
Morphology
pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss
he, it, is
Occurrences
2003
ܕܫܒܩܗ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dshbqh
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
1
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Reliquit autem et præpositos ad affligendam gentem: Jerosolymis quidem Philippum genere Phrygem, moribus crudeliorem eo ipso a quo constitutus est:

20 word entries
reliquit
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
reliquit
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
267
autem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
autem
Transliteration
autem
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
5069
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
praepositos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
praepositos
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
66
ad
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ad
Transliteration
ad
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
7531
adfligendam
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
affligo
Transliteration
adfligendam
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
109
gentem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
gens
Transliteration
gentem
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
873
Hierosolymis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
Hierosolymis
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
852
quidem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
quidem
Transliteration
quidem
Morphology
GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences
283
Philippum
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
Philippum
Morphology
GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences
46
genere
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
genus
Transliteration
genere
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
122
Frigem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
friges
Transliteration
Frigem
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
1
moribus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
mos
Transliteration
moribus
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
43
crudeliorem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
crudeliorem
Morphology
GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences
18
eo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
is
Transliteration
eo
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
17810
ipso
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ipse
Transliteration
ipso
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
2134
a
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ab
Transliteration
a
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
3693
quo
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
quo
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
constitutus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
constitutus
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
313
est
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
sum
Transliteration
est
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
20614
Chapter 5 of 15 Verse 22 of 27