2 Maccabees 5

World English Bible Updated, Verse 13

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¹³ Then there was killing of young and old, destruction of boys, women, and children, and slaying of virgins and infants.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Maccabees 5:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3

Word Entries 45

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐγίνοντο δὲ νέων καὶ πρεσβυτέρων ἀναιρέσιες, ἀνδρῶν τε καὶ γυναικῶν καὶ τέκνων ἀφανισμὸς, παρθένων τε καὶ νηπίων σφαγαί.

18 word entries

Ἐγίνοντο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐγίνοντο
Transliteration: eginonto
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐγίνοντο
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

νέων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: νέων
Transliteration: neon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

πρεσβυτέρων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πρεσβύτερος
Transliteration: presbyteron
Morphology: comparative adjective/substantive, masculine genitive plural
Gloss: of elders
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Elder, older person, or community leader.
Occurrences: 153

ἀναιρέσιες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀναιρέσιες
Transliteration: anairesies
Morphology: nominative/vocative plural masculine/feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἀνδρῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: andron
Morphology: noun, masculine genitive plural
Gloss: of men
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

τε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τε
Transliteration: te
Morphology: enclitic particle/conjunction
Gloss: and, also
Part of Speech: particle/conjunction
Definition: Connective enclitic particle.
Occurrences: 247

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

γυναικῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γυνή
Transliteration: gynaikon
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive plural
Gloss: of women, wives
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Woman or wife.
Occurrences: 889

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τέκνων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τέκνον
Transliteration: teknon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: child
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Child, offspring, or descendant.
Occurrences: 232

ἀφανισμὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀφανισμὸς
Transliteration: aphanismos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

παρθένων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: παρθένων
Transliteration: parthenon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

τε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τε
Transliteration: te
Morphology: enclitic particle/conjunction
Gloss: and, also
Part of Speech: particle/conjunction
Definition: Connective enclitic particle.
Occurrences: 247

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

νηπίων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: νηπίων
Transliteration: nepion
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

σφαγαί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: σφαγαί
Transliteration: sphagai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܗܘܐ ܕܝܢ ܩܛܠܐ ܕܣܒ̈ܐ ܘܕܛܠܝ̈ܐ ܘܕܥ̈ܠܝܡܐ ܘܕܒܬܘ̈ܠܬܐ ܘܚܘܒܠܐ ܕܒܢ̈ܝܐ ܘܕܒܢ̈ܬܐ ܘܕܝ̈ܠܘܕܐ ܙܥܘܪ̈ܐ

12 word entries

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1800

ܕܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܝܢ
Transliteration: dyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 951

ܩܛܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܛܠܐ
Transliteration: qtl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 10

ܕܣܒ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܣܒܐ
Transliteration: dsb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 10

ܘܕܛܠܝ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܛܠܝܐ
Transliteration: wdtly'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

ܘܕܥ̈ܠܝܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܥܠܝܡܐ
Transliteration: wd'lym'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܘܕܒܬܘ̈ܠܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܒܬܘܠܬܐ
Transliteration: wdbtwlt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܘܚܘܒܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܚܘܒܠܐ
Transliteration: whwbl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܕܒܢ̈ܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܒܢܝܐ
Transliteration: dbny'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 20

ܘܕܒܢ̈ܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܒܢܬܐ
Transliteration: wdbnt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܘܕܝ̈ܠܘܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܕܝܠܘܕܐ
Transliteration: wdylwd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܙܥܘܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܥܘܪܐ
Transliteration: z'wr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 91

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Fiebant ergo cædes juvenum ac seniorum, et mulierum et natorum exterminia, virginumque et parvulorum neces.

15 word entries

fiebant

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fio
Transliteration: fiebant
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 449

ergo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ergo
Transliteration: ergo
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1237

caedes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: caedes
Transliteration: caedes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 22

iuvenum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iuuenis
Transliteration: iuvenum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 102

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ac
Transliteration: ac
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 184

seniorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: senior
Transliteration: seniorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 8

mulierum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mulier
Transliteration: mulierum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 534

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

natorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nascor
Transliteration: natorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 189

exterminia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: exterminium
Transliteration: exterminia
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 6

virginumque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uirgo
Transliteration: virginumque
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 85

{virginumque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {virginumque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

parvulorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: paruulus
Transliteration: parvulorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 137

neces

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nex
Transliteration: neces
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 9

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