2 Maccabees 5

World English Bible Updated, Verse 12

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¹² and commanded his soldiers to cut down without mercy those who came in their way, and to kill those who went into their houses.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Maccabees 5:12. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 3

Word Entries 42

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐκέλευσε τοῖς στρατιώταις κόπτειν ἀφειδῶς τοὺς ἐμπίπτοντας, καὶ τοὺς εἰς τὰς οἰκίας ἀναβαίνοντας κατασφάζειν.

15 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐκέλευσε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐκέλευσε
Transliteration: ekeleyse
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐκέλευσε
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

τοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

στρατιώταις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: στρατιώταις
Transliteration: stratiotais
Morphology: dative plural feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

κόπτειν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κόπτειν
Transliteration: koptein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

ἀφειδῶς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀφειδῶς
Transliteration: apheidos
Morphology: adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...ly / having ...
Part of Speech: adverb/participle form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἐμπίπτοντας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐμπίπτοντας
Transliteration: empiptontas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

τὰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

οἰκίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οἰκία
Transliteration: oikias
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular or accusative plural
Gloss: of a house, houses
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: House, dwelling, or household.
Occurrences: 171

ἀναβαίνοντας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀναβαίνοντας
Transliteration: anabainontas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

κατασφάζειν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κατασφάζειν
Transliteration: katasphazein
Morphology: present/aorist active infinitive pattern
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܦܩܕ ܗܘܐ ܓܝܪ ܠܦܠܚܘܗܝ ܕܢܩܛܠܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܚܘܣܢ ܠܟܠ ܕܢܦܠ ܒܐܝܕܝ̈ܗܘܢ ܐܦ ܠܒ̈ܬܐ ܥܐܠܝܢ ܗܘܘ ܘܡܩܛܠܝܢ

15 word entries

ܦܩܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܩܕ
Transliteration: pqd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 82

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1800

ܓܝܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܓܝܪ
Transliteration: gyr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 455

ܠܦܠܚܘܗܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܦܠܚܘܗܝ
Transliteration: lplhwhy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 4

ܕܢܩܛܠܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܩܛܠܘܢ
Transliteration: dnqtlwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

ܕܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܐ
Transliteration: dl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1157

ܚܘܣܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܘܣܢ
Transliteration: hwsn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 8

ܠܟܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܟܠ
Transliteration: lkl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 86

ܕܢܦܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܢܦܠ
Transliteration: dnpl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 23

ܒܐܝܕܝ̈ܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܐܝܕܝܗܘܢ
Transliteration: b'ydyhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 26

ܐܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܦ
Transliteration: 'p
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 586

ܠܒ̈ܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܬܐ
Transliteration: lbt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1

ܥܐܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܐܠܝܢ
Transliteration: ''lyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 12

ܗܘܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܘܘ
Transliteration: hww
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1064

ܘܡܩܛܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܩܛܠܝܢ
Transliteration: wmqtlyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 6

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Jussit autem militibus interficere, nec parcere occursantibus, et per domos ascendentes trucidare.

12 word entries

iussit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iubeo
Transliteration: iussit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 140

autem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: autem
Transliteration: autem
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5069

militibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: miles
Transliteration: militibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 59

interficere

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: interficio
Transliteration: interficere
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 407

nec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nec
Transliteration: nec
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 750

parcere

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: parco
Transliteration: parcere
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 88

occursantibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: occurso
Transliteration: occursantibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

per

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: per
Transliteration: per
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1915

domos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: domus
Transliteration: domos
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1989

ascendentes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ascendo
Transliteration: ascendentes
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 671

trucidare

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: trucido
Transliteration: trucidare
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 12

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