16 These people are always murmuring, and complaining of their lot; they follow where their passions lead them; they have arrogant words on their lips; and they flatter others for the sake of what they can get from them.
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Open English Bible, US Edition
Jude 1
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 16
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jude 1:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
73
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Οὗτοί εἰσι γογγυσταί, μεμψίμοιροι, κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν πορευόμενοι, καὶ τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα, θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα ὠφελείας χάριν.
19 word entries
Οὗτοί
εἰσι
γογγυσταί
μεμψίμοιροι
- Lemma
- memyimoiroi
- Transliteration
- memyimoiroi
- Morphology
- Greek: adjective nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- adjective
- Strong's
- G3202
- Occurrences
- 1
κατὰ
τὰς
ἐπιθυμίας
αὐτῶν
πορευόμενοι
- Lemma
- poreuomenoi
- Transliteration
- poreuomenoi
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4198
- Occurrences
- 7
καὶ
τὸ
στόμα
αὐτῶν
λαλεῖ
ὑπέρογκα
θαυμάζοντες
- Lemma
- qaumazontev
- Transliteration
- qaumazontev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2296
- Occurrences
- 2
πρόσωπα
ὠφελείας
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
οὗτοί εἰσιν γογγυσταί, μεμψίμοιροι, κατὰ τὰς ἐπιθυμίας αὐτῶν πορευόμενοι, καὶ τὸ στόμα αὐτῶν λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα, θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα ὠφελείας χάριν.
19 word entries
εἰσιν
μεμψίμοιροι,
- Lemma
- μεμψίμοιρος
- Morphology
- A-NPM
- Part of Speech
- A
- Strong's
- G3202
- Occurrences
- 1
τὰς
καὶ
τὸ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܗܠܝܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܕܡܪܛܢܝܢ ܘܥܕܠܝܢ ܒܟܠ ܨܒܘܢ ܟܕ ܐܝܟ ܪܓܝܓܬܐ ܕܝܠܗܘܢ ܡܗܠܟܝܢ ܘܦܘܡܗܘܢ ܡܡܠܠ ܓܢܝܚܬܐ ܘܡܫܒܚܝܢ ܠܦܪܨܘܦܐ ܡܛܠ ܝܘܬܪܢܐ
18 word entries
ܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 451
ܐܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 462
ܕܡܪܛܢܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܡܪܛܢܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dmrtnyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܥܕܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܥܕܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- w'dlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܟܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܟܠ
- Transliteration
- bkl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 70
ܨܒܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܨܒܘܢ
- Transliteration
- sbwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
ܟܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܕ
- Transliteration
- kd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 730
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 681
ܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܓܝܓܬܐ
- Transliteration
- rgygt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dylhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܡܗܠܟܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܗܠܟܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mhlkyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 22
ܘܦܘܡܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܦܘܡܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wpwmhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܡܠܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܡܠܠ
- Transliteration
- mmll
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 75
ܓܢܝܚܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܢܝܚܬܐ
- Transliteration
- gnyht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܡܫܒܚܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܫܒܚܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wmshbhyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 9
ܠܦܪܨܘܦܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܦܪܨܘܦܐ
- Transliteration
- lprswp'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 632
ܝܘܬܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܬܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ywtrn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 6
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Hi sunt murmuratores querulosi, secundum desideria sua ambulantes, et os eorum loquitur superba, mirantes personas quæstus causa.
17 word entries
hii
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hii
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
murmuratores
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- murmurator
- Transliteration
- murmuratores
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1
querellosi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- querelasus
- Transliteration
- querellosi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
secundum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- secundum
- Transliteration
- secundum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 529
desideria
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- desiderium
- Transliteration
- desideria
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 60
sua
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- sua
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
ambulantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ambulo
- Transliteration
- ambulantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 412
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
os
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- os
- Transliteration
- os
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 657
illorum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ille
- Transliteration
- illorum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4947
loquitur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- loquor
- Transliteration
- loquitur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1543
superba
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- superbus
- Transliteration
- superba
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 63
mirantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- miror
- Transliteration
- mirantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 58
personas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- persona
- Transliteration
- personas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 35
quaestus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quaestus
- Transliteration
- quaestus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 7
causa
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- causa
- Transliteration
- causa
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 156
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Peter 2:18
With boastful and foolish talk, they appeal to the passions of people’s lower nature, and, by their profligacy, entice those who are just escaping from the people who live such misguided lives.
14 relevance votesPhilippians 2:14
In all that you do, avoid murmuring and dissension,
11 relevance votes2 Peter 2:10
especially those who, following the promptings of their lower nature, indulge their polluting passions and despise all control. Audacious and self-willed, they feel no awe of the celestial beings, maligning them,
10 relevance votes1 Timothy 6:5
and incessant wrangling on the part of these corrupt-minded people who have lost all hold on the truth, and who think of religion only as a source of gain.
9 relevance votesJude 1:18
how they used to say to you – ‘As time draws to an end, there will be scoffers, who will be led by their godless passions.’
7 relevance votes1 Peter 4:2
and so will live the rest of his earthly life guided, not by human passions, but by the will of God.
7 relevance votes2 Peter 3:3
First be assured of this, that, as the age draws to an end, scoffers, led by their own passions,
7 relevance votes1 Peter 2:11
Dear friends, I beg you, as pilgrims and strangers on earth, to refrain from indulging the cravings of your earthly nature, for they make war on the soul.
7 relevance votes1 Corinthians 10:10
And do not murmur, as some of them murmured, and so were destroyed by the angel of death.
7 relevance votesLeviticus 19:15
6 relevance votesNumbers 16:11
5 relevance votesGalatians 5:16
This is what I have to say – Let your steps be guided by the Spirit, and then you will never gratify the cravings of your earthly nature.
5 relevance votes