13 they are wild sea waves, foaming with their own shame; they are ‘wandering stars,’ for which the blackest darkness has been reserved for ever.
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Open English Bible, US Edition
Jude 1
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 13
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jude 1:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
65
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης, ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας· ἀστέρες πλανῆται, οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τετήρηται.
18 word entries
κύματα
ἄγρια
θαλάσσης
ἐπαφρίζοντα
- Lemma
- epafrizonta
- Transliteration
- epafrizonta
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1890
- Occurrences
- 1
τὰς
ἑαυτῶν
αἰσχύνας
ἀστέρες
πλανῆται
οἷς
ὁ
ζόφος
τοῦ
σκότους
εἰς
τὸν
αἰῶνα
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας, ἀστέρες πλανῆται οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται.
17 word entries
τὰς
ὁ
τοῦ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܓܠܠܐ ܥܙܝܙܐ ܕܝܡܐ ܕܒܝܕ ܪܘܥܬܗܘܢ ܡܚܘܝܢ ܒܗܬܬܗܘܢ ܟܘܟܒܐ ܡܛܥܝܢܐ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܕܥܡܛܢܐ ܕܚܫܘܟܐ ܠܥܠܡ ܠܗܘܢ ܢܛܝܪ
15 word entries
ܓܠܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܠܠܐ
- Transliteration
- gll'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
ܥܙܝܙܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܙܝܙܐ
- Transliteration
- 'zyz'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- dym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 27
ܕܒܝܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܝܕ
- Transliteration
- dbyd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܪܘܥܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܥܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- rw'thwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܚܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܚܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mhwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܒܗܬܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܬܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bhtthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܟܘܟܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܘܟܒܐ
- Transliteration
- kwkb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 9
ܡܛܥܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܥܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mt'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 5
ܠܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- lhlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܕܥܡܛܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܡܛܢܐ
- Transliteration
- d'mtn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܚܫܘܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܫܘܟܐ
- Transliteration
- dhshwk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܠܥܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܠܡ
- Transliteration
- l'lm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 62
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 830
ܢܛܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܛܝܪ
- Transliteration
- ntyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
fluctus feri maris, despumantes suas confusiones, sidera errantia: quibus procella tenebrarum servata est in æternum.
15 word entries
fluctus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fluctus
- Transliteration
- fluctus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 34
feri
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ferus
- Transliteration
- feri
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 11
maris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mare
- Transliteration
- maris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 490
despumantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- despumo
- Transliteration
- despumantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1
suas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
confusiones
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- confusio
- Transliteration
- confusiones
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 78
sidera
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sidus
- Transliteration
- sidera
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 9
errantia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- erro
- Transliteration
- errantia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 73
quibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
procella
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- procella
- Transliteration
- procella
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 14
tenebrarum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tenebrae
- Transliteration
- tenebrarum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 162
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
aeternum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aeternus
- Transliteration
- aeternum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 306
servata
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- seruo
- Transliteration
- servata
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 128
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Peter 2:17
These people are like springs without water, or mists driven before a gale; and for them the blackest darkness has been reserved.
9 relevance votesPhilippians 3:19
The end of such people is ruin; for their appetites are their God, and they glory in their shame; their minds are given up to earthly things.
8 relevance votesIsaiah 57:20
7 relevance votesPsalms 65:7
you still the roaring of seas, and the turmoil of nations,
4 relevance votes2 Timothy 3:13
but wicked people and impostors will go from bad to worse, deceiving others and deceived themselves.
3 relevance votesRevelation 20:10
and the devil, their deceiver, was hurled into the lake of fire and sulfur, where the Beast and the false prophet already were, and they will be tortured day and night for ever and ever.
3 relevance votesRevelation 21:8
But as for cowards, unbelievers, the degraded, murderers, the impure, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars – their place will be in the burning lake of fire and sulfur. That is the Second Death.’
1 relevance votes