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Jump to a verse in Psalms 44

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World English Bible

Psalms 44

World English Bible, Verse 24

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²⁴ Why do you hide your face, and forget our affliction and our oppression?

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 44:24. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 7

Word Entries 46

Editorial Notes 2

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

ע֤וּרָה ׀ לָ֖מָּה תִישַׁ֥ן ׀ אֲדֹנָ֑י הָ֝קִ֗יצָה אַל־תִּזְנַ֥ח לָנֶֽצַח׃

8 word entries

ע֤וּרָה

Lemma: 5782
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5782
Occurrences: 70

לָ֖מָּה

Lemma: l/4100
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + particle
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4100
Occurrences: 145

תִישַׁ֥ן

Lemma: 3462
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H3462
Occurrences: 10

אֲדֹנָ֑י

Lemma: 136
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H136
Occurrences: 424

הָ֝קִ֗יצָה

Lemma: 6974
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperative 2rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6974
Occurrences: 16

אַל

Lemma: 408
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H408
Occurrences: 576

תִּזְנַ֥ח

Lemma: 2186 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal jussive 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2186
Occurrences: 18

לָנֶֽצַח

Lemma: l/5331
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5331
Occurrences: 31

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Shown from source reference 43:24 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

Ἐξεγέρθητι, ἱνατί ὑπνοῖς Κύριε; ἀνάστηθι, καὶ μὴ ἀπώσῃ εἰς τέλος.

10 word entries

Ἐξεγέρθητι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξεγέρθητι
Transliteration: exegertheti
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

ἱνατί

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἱνατί
Transliteration: hinati
Morphology: interrogative particle
Gloss: why?
Part of Speech: interrogative particle
Definition: Interrogative particle meaning why or for what reason.
Occurrences: 133

ὑπνοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὑπνοῖς
Transliteration: ypnois
Morphology: dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Κύριε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

ἀνάστηθι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνίστημι
Transliteration: anastethi
Morphology: verb, aorist active imperative, 2nd singular
Gloss: arise, stand up
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To rise, stand up, arise, or raise.
Occurrences: 216

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

μὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μή
Transliteration: me
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not, lest
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
Occurrences: 2979

ἀπώσῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀπώσῃ
Transliteration: apose
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

τέλος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τέλος
Transliteration: telos
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: end, completion
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: End, goal, completion, or outcome.
Occurrences: 139

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܬܬܥܝܪ ܘܠܐ ܬܕܡܟ ܡܪܝܐ ܥܗܕܝܢ ܘܠܐ ܬܛܥܝܢ

7 word entries

ܐܬܬܥܝܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܬܥܝܪ
Transliteration: 'tt'yr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 18

ܘܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܐ
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1993

ܬܕܡܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܕܡܟ
Transliteration: tdmk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 3

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܥܗܕܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܗܕܝܢ
Transliteration: 'hdyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܘܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܐ
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1993

ܬܛܥܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܛܥܝܢ
Transliteration: tt'yn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אִתְגַבַּר לָמָה תְהִי כִגְבַר דָמִיךְ יְיָ אִתְעָר אֱלָהָנָא לָא תִתְנְשִׁי לְעָלְמָא׃

11 word entries

אִתְגַבַּר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתגבר
Transliteration: 'tgbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 10

לָמָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: למה
Transliteration: lmh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 67

תְהִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תהי
Transliteration: thy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 210

כִגְבַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבר
Transliteration: kgbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 627

דָמִיךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מיך
Transliteration: dmyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 11

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

אִתְעָר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתער
Transliteration: 't'r
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

אֱלָהָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלהנא
Transliteration: 'lhn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 111

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

תִתְנְשִׁי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תתנשי
Transliteration: ttnshy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 10

לְעָלְמָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: l'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Shown from source reference 43:24 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

Quare faciem tuam avertis? oblivisceris inopiæ nostræ et tribulationis nostræ?

10 word entries

quare

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quare
Transliteration: quare
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 224

faciem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facies
Transliteration: faciem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 793

tuam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tuam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

avertis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: auerto
Transliteration: avertis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 138

oblivisceris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: obliuiscor
Transliteration: oblivisceris
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 115

inopiae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inopia
Transliteration: inopiae
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 21

nostrae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostrae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

tribulationis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tribulatio
Transliteration: tribulationis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 141

nostrae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostrae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Source

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and forgettest our affliction and our oppression?" This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Latin Vulgate Alignment Note English · Latin Vulgate Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Source

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Clementine Vulgate source does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Wherefore hidest thou thy face, and forgettest our affliction and our oppression?" This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Chapter 44 · 44 of 150 available Verse 24 of 26

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Psalms 44

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Job 13:24

Deuteronomy 32:20

Psalms 42:9

Psalms 10:11

Psalms 74:23

Psalms 13:1

Psalms 10:1

Psalms 74:19