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Jump to a verse in Psalms 44

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World English Bible

Psalms 44

World English Bible, Verse 22

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²² Yes, for your sake we are killed all day long. We are regarded as sheep for the slaughter.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 44:22. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 7

Word Entries 60

Editorial Notes 2

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הֲלֹ֣א אֱ֭לֹהִים יַֽחֲקָר־זֹ֑את כִּֽי־ה֥וּא יֹ֝דֵ֗עַ תַּעֲלֻמ֥וֹת לֵֽב׃

9 word entries

הֲלֹ֣א

Lemma: i/3808
Morphology: Hebrew: particle + particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 272

אֱ֭לֹהִים

Lemma: 430
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H430
Occurrences: 1993

יַֽחֲקָר

Lemma: 2713
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2713
Occurrences: 19

זֹ֑את

Lemma: 2063
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H2063
Occurrences: 251

כִּֽי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

ה֥וּא

Lemma: 1931
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H1931
Occurrences: 1188

יֹ֝דֵ֗עַ

Lemma: 3045
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3045
Occurrences: 637

תַּעֲלֻמ֥וֹת

Lemma: 8587
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8587
Occurrences: 2

לֵֽב

Lemma: 3820 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3820
Occurrences: 463

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Shown from source reference 43:22 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

οὐχὶ ὁ Θεὸς ἐκζητήσει ταῦτα; αὐτὸς γὰρ γινώσκει τὰ κρύφια τῆς καρδίας.

12 word entries

οὐχὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐχί
Transliteration: ouchi
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not, no
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Emphatic negative particle.
Occurrences: 180

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Θεὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θεός
Transliteration: theos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: God, god
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 3522

ἐκζητήσει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐκζητήσει
Transliteration: ekzetesei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

ταῦτα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

αὐτὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

γὰρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γάρ
Transliteration: gar
Morphology: postpositive explanatory conjunction
Gloss: for, because
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Explanatory or causal conjunction.
Occurrences: 1390

γινώσκει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: γινώσκει
Transliteration: ginoskei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

κρύφια

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κρύφια
Transliteration: kryphia
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

καρδίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καρδία
Transliteration: kardia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: heart
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences: 867

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܠܗܐ ܗܘ ܒܨܐ ܠܗ̇ ܠܗܕܐ ܡܛܠ ܕܗܘ ܝܕܥ ܡܚܫ̈ܒܬܗ ܕܠܒܐ

10 word entries

ܐܠܗܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܠܗܐ
Transliteration: alaha
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: God
Occurrences: 940

ܗܘ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘ
Transliteration: hu
Morphology: pronoun/copula, masculine singular
Gloss: he, it, is
Occurrences: 2003

ܒܨܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܨܐ
Transliteration: bs'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 6

ܠܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗ
Transliteration: lh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2252

ܠܗܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗܕܐ
Transliteration: lhd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 17

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܗܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܗܘ
Transliteration: dhw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 90

ܝܕܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܕܥ
Transliteration: yd'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 215

ܡܚܫ̈ܒܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܚܫܒܬܗ
Transliteration: mhshbth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 16

ܕܠܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܒܐ
Transliteration: dlb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 13

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הֲלָא אֱלָהָא יְבַשְׁקַר דָא אֲרוּם הוּא חַכִּים טְמִירֵי לִבָּא׃

9 word entries

הֲלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הלא
Transliteration: hl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 287

אֱלָהָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אלה
Transliteration: 'lh'
Morphology: noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: God
Occurrences: 779

יְבַשְׁקַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יבשקר
Transliteration: ybshqr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

דָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דא
Transliteration: d'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 192

אֲרוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארום
Transliteration: 'rwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 997

הוּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הוא
Transliteration: hw'
Morphology: personal/demonstrative pronoun
Gloss: he, it
Occurrences: 992

חַכִּים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חכים
Transliteration: chkym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 42

טְמִירֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טמירי
Transliteration: tmyry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

לִבָּא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לבא
Transliteration: lb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 168

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Shown from source reference 43:22 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

nonne Deus requiret ista? ipse enim novit abscondita cordis. Quoniam propter te mortificamur tota die; æstimati sumus sicut oves occisionis.

20 word entries

nonne

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nonne
Transliteration: nonne
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 208

Deus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deus
Transliteration: Deus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity
Etymology: Latin noun for God or a god.
Occurrences: 4889

requiret

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: requiro
Transliteration: requiret
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 78

ista

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iste
Transliteration: ista
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 877

ipse

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ipse
Transliteration: ipse
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 2134

enim

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: enim
Transliteration: enim
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2392

novit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nosco
Transliteration: novit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 196

abscondita

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: absconditus
Transliteration: abscondita
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 87

cordis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cor
Transliteration: cordis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1028

quoniam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quoniam
Transliteration: quoniam
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1134

propter

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: propter
Transliteration: propter
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 688

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: te
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

mortificamur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mortifico
Transliteration: mortificamur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 12

omni

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: omnis
Transliteration: omni
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5506

die

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dies
Transliteration: die
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2559

aestimati

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aestimo
Transliteration: aestimati
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 49

sumus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sumus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

sicut

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sicut
Transliteration: sicut
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1559

oves

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ouis
Transliteration: oves
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 227

occisionis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: occisio
Transliteration: occisionis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 17

Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Source

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; we are counted as sheep for the slaughter." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Latin Vulgate Alignment Note English · Latin Vulgate Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Source

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Clementine Vulgate source does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Yea, for thy sake are we killed all the day long; we are counted as sheep for the slaughter." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Romans 8:36

Even as it is written, “For your sake we are killed all day long. We were accounted as sheep for the slaughter.”

25 relevance votes

Isaiah 53:7

He was oppressed, yet when he was afflicted he didn’t open his mouth. As a lamb that is led to the slaughter, and as a sheep that before its shearers is silent, so he didn’t open his mouth.

11 relevance votes

Psalms 44:11

You have made us like sheep for food, and have scattered us among the nations.

8 relevance votes

John 15:21

But they will do all these things to you for my name’s sake, because they don’t know him who sent me.

6 relevance votes

1 Corinthians 4:9

For I think that God has displayed us, the apostles, last of all, like men sentenced to death. For we are made a spectacle to the world, both to angels and men.

6 relevance votes

1 Kings 19:10

He said, “I have been very jealous for Yahweh, the God of Armies; for the children of Israel have forsaken your covenant, thrown down your altars, and killed your prophets with the sword. I, even I only, am left; and they seek my life, to take it away.”

4 relevance votes

Revelation 17:6

I saw the woman drunken with the blood of the saints and with the blood of the martyrs of Jesus. When I saw her, I wondered with great amazement.

3 relevance votes

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