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World English Bible

Psalms 44

World English Bible, Verse 17

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¹⁷ All this has come on us, yet we haven’t forgotten you. We haven’t been false to your covenant.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 44:17. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 51

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מִ֭קּוֹל מְחָרֵ֣ף וּמְגַדֵּ֑ף מִפְּנֵ֥י א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃

6 word entries

מִ֭קּוֹל

Lemma: m/6963 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6963
Occurrences: 19

מְחָרֵ֣ף

Lemma: 2778 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2778
Occurrences: 30

וּמְגַדֵּ֑ף

Lemma: c/1442
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb piel participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1442
Occurrences: 3

מִפְּנֵ֥י

Lemma: m/6440
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender plural construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6440
Occurrences: 296

א֝וֹיֵ֗ב

Lemma: 341
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H341
Occurrences: 229

וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם

Lemma: c/5358
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb hithpael participle active
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5358
Occurrences: 13

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἀντὶ τῶν πατέρων σου ἐγενήθησάν σοι υἱοὶ, καταστήσεις αὐτοὺς ἄρχοντας ἐπὶ πᾶσαν τὴν γῆν.

14 word entries

Ἀντὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀντί
Transliteration: anti
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: instead of, in exchange for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of ἀντί.
Occurrences: 370

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πατέρων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πατήρ
Transliteration: pater
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: father
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Father or ancestor.
Occurrences: 1228

σου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ἐγενήθησάν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐγενήθησάν
Transliteration: egenethesan
Morphology: verb, aorist passive indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

σοι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

υἱοὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: υἱός
Transliteration: huios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: son
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Son, descendant, or member of a group.
Occurrences: 4805

καταστήσεις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: καταστήσεις
Transliteration: katasteseis
Morphology: Greek -εις form; likely verb 2nd singular or plural noun/adjective depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 7

αὐτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἄρχοντας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄρχων
Transliteration: archon
Morphology: noun/participle substantive, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: ruler, leader
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Ruler, leader, or official.
Occurrences: 577

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

πᾶσαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πᾶς
Transliteration: pas
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: all, every
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: All, every, whole.
Occurrences: 6138

τὴν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

γῆν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γῆ
Transliteration: gen
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: earth, land
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's: G1093
Occurrences: 2962

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܢ ܩܠܐ ܕܡܚܣܕ ܘܡܓܕܦ ܘܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ ܕܡܬܢܩܡ

8 word entries

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܩܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܠܐ
Transliteration: ql'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 134

ܕܡܚܣܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܚܣܕ
Transliteration: dmhsd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 2

ܘܡܓܕܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܓܕܦ
Transliteration: wmgdp
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܘܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܢ
Transliteration: wmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 827

ܩܕܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܕܡ
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1019

ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ
Transliteration: b'ldbb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 50

ܕܡܬܢܩܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܬܢܩܡ
Transliteration: dmtnqm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מִן קָלָא דִמְחַסֵד וּמְגַדֵף מִן קֳדָם בָּעֵל דְבָבָא וְנָקִים נִקְמָתָא׃

10 word entries

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

קָלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קלא
Transliteration: ql'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 38

דִמְחַסֵד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מחסד
Transliteration: dmchsd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

וּמְגַדֵף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מגדף
Transliteration: wmgdp
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

בָּעֵל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בעל
Transliteration: b'l
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 44

דְבָבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בבא
Transliteration: dbb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 41

וְנָקִים

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נקים
Transliteration: wnqym
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

נִקְמָתָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נקמתא
Transliteration: nqmt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Pro patribus tuis nati sunt tibi filii; constitues eos principes super omnem terram.

13 word entries

pro

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pro
Transliteration: pro
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 1148

patribus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pater
Transliteration: patribus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1575

tuis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tuis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

nati

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nascor
Transliteration: nati
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 189

sunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

tibi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: tibi
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

filii

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: filius
Transliteration: filii
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 5067

constitues

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: constituo
Transliteration: constitues
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 313

eos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

principes

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: princeps
Transliteration: principes
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 830

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

omnem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: omnis
Transliteration: omnem
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5506

terram

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: terra
Transliteration: terram
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: earth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: earth, land, ground
Etymology: Latin noun behind English terrestrial and terrain.
Occurrences: 3087

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 44

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Ranked cross references

Daniel 9:13

Deuteronomy 6:12

Deuteronomy 8:14

Ezekiel 16:59

Psalms 78:7

Isaiah 17:10

Psalms 9:17

Jeremiah 31:32

Jeremiah 2:32

Psalms 44:20

Psalms 78:57

Ezekiel 20:37