19 Inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way and watch. Ask him who flees, and her who escapes; say, ‘What has been done?’
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jeremiah 48:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
56
Editorial Notes
1
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
אֶל־דֶּ֛רֶךְ עִמְדִ֥י וְצַפִּ֖י יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת עֲרוֹעֵ֑ר שַׁאֲלִי־נָ֣ס וְנִמְלָ֔טָה אִמְרִ֖י מַה־נִּֽהְיָֽתָה׃
12 word entries
דֶּ֛רֶךְ
עִמְדִ֥י
וְצַפִּ֖י
יוֹשֶׁ֣בֶת
שַׁאֲלִי
נָ֣ס
וְנִמְלָ֔טָה
אִמְרִ֖י
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܥܠ ܐܘܪ̈ܚܬܐ ܩܘܡܝ ܘܚܘܪܝ ܥܡܘܪܬܐ ܕܥܕܘܥܝܪ ܫܐܠ ܠܕܥܪܩ ܘܠܕܡܬܦܠܛ ܐܡܪ ܡܢܐ ܗܘܐ
12 word entries
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3346
ܐܘܪ̈ܚܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘܪܚܬܐ
- Transliteration
- 'wrht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 27
ܩܘܡܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܘܡܝ
- Transliteration
- qwmy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 13
ܘܚܘܪܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܚܘܪܝ
- Transliteration
- whwry
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܥܡܘܪܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܡܘܪܬܐ
- Transliteration
- 'mwrt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 13
ܕܥܕܘܥܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܕܘܥܝܪ
- Transliteration
- d'dw'yr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܫܐܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܐܠ
- Transliteration
- sh'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 32
ܠܕܥܪܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܕܥܪܩ
- Transliteration
- ld'rq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܠܕܡܬܦܠܛ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܕܡܬܦܠܛ
- Transliteration
- wldmtplt
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- emar
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- said, spoke
- Occurrences
- 1127
ܡܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 299
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1800
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
עַל אוֹרְחָא קוּמוּ וּסְכוּ דְיַתְבִין בַּעֲרוֹעֵר שְׁאִילוּ שְׁאִילוּ לְמֶעְרְקַיָא וּלְמִשֵׁיזָבַיָא אֲמָרוּ מָה הֲוָה עַל תְּבָרָא דֵיכִי׃
16 word entries
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
אוֹרְחָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אורחא
- Transliteration
- 'wrch'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 119
קוּמוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קומו
- Transliteration
- qwmw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 21
וּסְכוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סכו
- Transliteration
- wskw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
דְיַתְבִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתבין
- Transliteration
- dytbyn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 125
בַּעֲרוֹעֵר
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ערוער
- Transliteration
- b'rw'r
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 12
שְׁאִילוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שאילו
- Transliteration
- sh'ylw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 18
שְׁאִילוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שאילו
- Transliteration
- sh'ylw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 18
לְמֶעְרְקַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מערקיא
- Transliteration
- lm'rqy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 2
וּלְמִשֵׁיזָבַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- למשיזביא
- Transliteration
- wlmshyzby'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
אֲמָרוּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אמרו
- Transliteration
- 'mrw
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 310
מָה
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מה
- Transliteration
- mh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 417
הֲוָה
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- הוה
- Transliteration
- hwh
- Morphology
- verbal root הוה
- Gloss
- was, became, happened
- Occurrences
- 1114
עַל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- על
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, against, concerning
- Occurrences
- 3568
תְּבָרָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תברא
- Transliteration
- tbr'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 28
דֵיכִי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יכי
- Transliteration
- dyky
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 11
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
In via sta, et prospice, habitatio Aroër: interroga fugientem, et ei qui evasit dic: Quid accidit?
16 word entries
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
via
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uia
- Transliteration
- via
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 853
sta
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sto
- Transliteration
- sta
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 646
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
prospice
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- prospicio
- Transliteration
- prospice
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 21
habitatio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- habitatio
- Transliteration
- habitatio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 53
Aroer
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Aroer
- Transliteration
- Aroer
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 16
interroga
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- interrogo
- Transliteration
- interroga
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 200
fugientem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fugio
- Transliteration
- fugientem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 351
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
eum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
evasit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- euado
- Transliteration
- evasit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 33
dic
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dic
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
quid
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quis
- Transliteration
- quid
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1619
accidit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- accido
- Transliteration
- accidit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 63
Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note
English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note
Coverage: Source-structure exceptions
Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.
Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "O inhabitant of Aroer, stand by the way, and espy; ask him that fleeth, and her that escapeth, and say, What is done?" This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.
Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate structure
Greek Jeremiah follows a shorter and differently ordered Septuagint tradition, so some Hebrew/English verse numbers do not have a one-to-one Greek panel.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Deuteronomy 2:36
From Aroer, which is on the edge of the valley of the Arnon, and the city that is in the valley, even to Gilead, there was not a city too high for us. Yahweh our God delivered up all before us.
5 relevance votes1 Samuel 4:16
The man said to Eli, “I am he who came out of the army, and I fled today out of the army.” He said, “How did the matter go, my son?”
4 relevance votes2 Samuel 24:5
They passed over the Jordan and encamped in Aroer, on the right side of the city that is in the middle of the valley of Gad, and to Jazer;
2 relevance votesNumbers 32:34
The children of Gad built Dibon, Ataroth, Aroer,
2 relevance votes1 Chronicles 5:8
and Bela the son of Azaz, the son of Shema, the son of Joel, who lived in Aroer, even to Nebo and Baal Meon;
2 relevance votes