28 Be not a witnes against thy neighbour without cause: for wilt thou deceiue with thy lippes?
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Proverbs 24:28. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
46
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
אַל־תְּהִ֣י עֵד־חִנָּ֣ם בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָ וַ֝הֲפִתִּ֗יתָ בִּשְׂפָתֶֽיךָ׃
7 word entries
תְּהִ֣י
עֵד
בְּרֵעֶ֑ךָ
וַ֝הֲפִתִּ֗יתָ
- Lemma
- c/i/6601 a
- Morphology
- Hebrew: conjunction + particle + verb piel perfect 2rd person masculine singular
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Strong's
- H6601
- Occurrences
- 1
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Μὴ ἴσθι ψευδὴς μάρτυς ἐπὶ σὸν πολίτην, μηδὲ πλατύνου σοῖς χείλεσι.
11 word entries
Μὴ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μή
- Transliteration
- me
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not, lest
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
- Occurrences
- 2979
ἴσθι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἴσθι
- Transliteration
- isthi
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 13
ψευδὴς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ψευδὴς
- Transliteration
- pseydes
- Morphology
- genitive singular feminine or nominative masculine pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 12
μάρτυς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- μάρτυς
- Transliteration
- martys
- Morphology
- nominative masculine/feminine singular or accusative plural pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 35
ἐπὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐπί
- Transliteration
- epi
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- on, upon, over, against
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
- Occurrences
- 6685
σὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σὸν
- Transliteration
- son
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 25
πολίτην
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πολίτην
- Transliteration
- politen
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
μηδὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- μηδέ
- Transliteration
- mede
- Morphology
- negative conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- and not, nor
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Negative coordinating conjunction/particle.
- Occurrences
- 130
πλατύνου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- πλατύνου
- Transliteration
- platynoy
- Morphology
- genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- of ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective/pronoun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
σοῖς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σοῖς
- Transliteration
- sois
- Morphology
- dative plural masculine/neuter pattern
- Gloss
- to/for ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 11
χείλεσι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- χείλεσι
- Transliteration
- cheilesi
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 9
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܠܐ ܬܗܘܐ ܣܗܕܐ ܕܓܠܐ ܥܠ ܚܒܪܟ ܘܠܐ ܬܦܬܦܬܝܘܗܝ ܒܣ̈ܦܘܬܟ
9 word entries
ܠܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܠܐ
- Transliteration
- la
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 2566
ܬܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- thw'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 132
ܣܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- shd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 23
ܕܓܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܓܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dgl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 55
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3346
ܚܒܪܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܒܪܟ
- Transliteration
- hbrk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1993
ܬܦܬܦܬܝܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܦܬܦܬܝܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- tptptywhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܣ̈ܦܘܬܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܣܦܘܬܟ
- Transliteration
- bspwtk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 3
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
לָא תֶהֱוֵי סָהֲדָא רַגָלָא בְּחַבְרָךְ וּתְשַׁרְגֵג בְּשִׂפְוָתָךְ׃
7 word entries
לָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- לא
- Transliteration
- l'
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Occurrences
- 2611
תֶהֱוֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תהוי
- Transliteration
- thwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 20
סָהֲדָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סהדא
- Transliteration
- shd'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 10
רַגָלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- רגלא
- Transliteration
- rgl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 13
בְּחַבְרָךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- חברך
- Transliteration
- bchbrk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 19
וּתְשַׁרְגֵג
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תשרגג
- Transliteration
- wtshrgg
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
בְּשִׂפְוָתָךְ׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שפותך
- Transliteration
- bshpwtk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 4
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Ne sis testis frustra contra proximum tuum, nec lactes quemquam labiis tuis.
12 word entries
ne
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ne
- Transliteration
- ne
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 1109
sis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
testis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- testis
- Transliteration
- testis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 97
frustra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- frustra
- Transliteration
- frustra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 48
contra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- contra
- Transliteration
- contra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 895
proximum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- proximum
- Transliteration
- proximum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 37
tuum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tuus
- Transliteration
- tuum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5615
nec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nec
- Transliteration
- nec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 750
lactes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lac
- Transliteration
- lactes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 55
quemquam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quisquam
- Transliteration
- quemquam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 177
labiis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- labium
- Transliteration
- labiis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 109
tuis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tuus
- Transliteration
- tuis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5615
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Ephesians 4:25
Wherefore cast off lying, and speake euery man truth vnto his neighbour: for we are members one of another.
5 relevance votesProverbs 25:18
A man that beareth false witnes against his neighbour, is like an hammer and a sword, and a sharpe arrowe.
3 relevance votesPsalms 35:7
For without cause they haue hid the pit and their net for me: without cause haue they digged a pit for my soule.
2 relevance votesExodus 20:16
Thou shalt not beare false witnes against thy neighbour.
2 relevance votesProverbs 19:5
A false witnes shall not be vnpunished: and he that speaketh lyes, shall not escape.
2 relevance votesJob 2:3
And the Lord sayd vnto Satan, Hast thou not considered my seruant Iob, how none is like him in the earth? an vpright and iust man, one that feareth God, and escheweth euill? for yet he continueth in his vprightnesse, although thou mouedst me against him, to destroy him without cause.
2 relevance votesProverbs 21:28
A false witnes shall perish: but hee that heareth, speaketh continually.
2 relevance votesPsalms 35:11
Cruell witnesses did rise vp: they asked of me things that I knewe not.
2 relevance votesColossians 3:9
Lie not one to another, seeing that yee haue put off the olde man with his workes,
2 relevance votesProverbs 19:9
A false witnes shall not be vnpunished: and he that speaketh lyes, shall perish.
2 relevance votesProverbs 14:5
A faithfull witnes will not lye: but a false record will speake lyes.
2 relevance votesPsalms 52:1
To him that excelleth. A Psalme of Dauid to giue instruction. When Doeg the Edomite came and shewed Saul, and saide to him, Dauid is come to the house of Abimelech. Why boastest thou thy selfe in thy wickednesse, O man of power? the louing kindenesse of God indureth dayly.
2 relevance votes