27 And in the same way the men gave up the natural use of the woman and were burning in their desire for one another, men doing shame with men, and getting in their bodies the right reward of their evil-doing.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:27. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
123
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
ὁμοίως τε καὶ οἱ ἄρσενες, ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας, ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους, ἄρσενες ἐν ἄρσεσι τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι, καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες.
35 word entries
ὁμοίως
τε
καὶ
οἱ
ἄρσενες
ἀφέντες
τὴν
φυσικὴν
χρῆσιν
τῆς
θηλείας
ἐξεκαύθησαν
- Lemma
- exekauqhsan
- Transliteration
- exekauqhsan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist passive indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1572
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐν
τῇ
ὀρέξει
αὐτῶν
εἰς
ἀλλήλους
ἄρσενες
ἐν
ἄρσεσι
τὴν
ἀσχημοσύνην
- Lemma
- aschmosunhn
- Transliteration
- aschmosunhn
- Morphology
- Greek: noun accusative singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G808
- Occurrences
- 2
κατεργαζόμενοι
- Lemma
- katergazomenoi
- Transliteration
- katergazomenoi
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2716
- Occurrences
- 1
καὶ
τὴν
ἀντιμισθίαν
- Lemma
- antimisqian
- Transliteration
- antimisqian
- Morphology
- Greek: noun accusative singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G489
- Occurrences
- 2
ἣν
ἔδει
τῆς
πλάνης
αὐτῶν
ἐν
ἑαυτοῖς
ἀπολαμβάνοντες
- Lemma
- apolambanontev
- Transliteration
- apolambanontev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G618
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ὁμοίως τε καὶ οἱ ἄρρενες ἀφέντες τὴν φυσικὴν χρῆσιν τῆς θηλείας ἐξεκαύθησαν ἐν τῇ ὀρέξει αὐτῶν εἰς ἀλλήλους, ἄρρενες ἐν ἄρρεσιν τὴν ἀσχημοσύνην κατεργαζόμενοι καὶ τὴν ἀντιμισθίαν ἣν ἔδει τῆς πλάνης αὐτῶν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ἀπολαμβάνοντες.
35 word entries
καὶ
οἱ
τὴν
τῆς
ἐν
τῇ
ἐν
τὴν
ἀσχημοσύνην
- Lemma
- ἀσχημοσύνη
- Morphology
- N-ASF
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G0808
- Occurrences
- 2
κατεργαζόμενοι
- Lemma
- κατεργάζομαι
- Morphology
- V-PNP-NPM
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G2716
- Occurrences
- 22
καὶ
τὴν
ἀντιμισθίαν
- Lemma
- ἀντιμισθία
- Morphology
- N-ASF
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G0489
- Occurrences
- 2
τῆς
ἐν
ἀπολαμβάνοντες.
- Lemma
- ἀπολαμβάνω
- Morphology
- V-PAP-NPM
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G0618
- Occurrences
- 10
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܬܘܒ ܐܦ ܕܟܪܝܗܘܢ ܗܟܢܐ ܫܒܩܘ ܚܫܚܬܐ ܕܟܝܢܐ ܕܢܩܒܬܐ ܘܐܫܬܪܚܘ ܒܪܓܬܐ ܚܕ ܥܠ ܚܕ ܘܕܟܪܐ ܥܠ ܕܟܪܐ ܒܗܬܬܐ ܥܒܕܘ ܘܦܘܪܥܢܐ ܕܙܕܩ ܗܘܐ ܠܛܥܝܘܬܗܘܢ ܒܩܢܘܡܗܘܢ ܩܒܠܘܗܝ
24 word entries
ܘܬܘܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܬܘܒ
- Transliteration
- wtwb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 44
ܐܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܦ
- Transliteration
- 'p
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 544
ܕܟܪܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܪܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dkryhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܗܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- hkn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 220
ܫܒܩܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܒܩܘ
- Transliteration
- shbqw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 9
ܚܫܚܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܫܚܬܐ
- Transliteration
- hshht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܟܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dkyn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܢܩܒܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܢܩܒܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dnqbt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܐܫܬܪܚܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܫܬܪܚܘ
- Transliteration
- w'shtrhw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܪܓܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܪܓܬܐ
- Transliteration
- brgt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܚܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܕ
- Transliteration
- hd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 412
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܚܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܕ
- Transliteration
- hd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 412
ܘܕܟܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܕܟܪܐ
- Transliteration
- wdkr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܕܟܪܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܪܐ
- Transliteration
- dkr'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܒܗܬܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܬܬܐ
- Transliteration
- bhtt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܥܒܕܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܒܕܘ
- Transliteration
- 'bdw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 29
ܘܦܘܪܥܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܦܘܪܥܢܐ
- Transliteration
- wpwr'n'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܙܕܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܙܕܩ
- Transliteration
- dzdq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܠܛܥܝܘܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܛܥܝܘܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lt'ywthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܩܢܘܡܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܩܢܘܡܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bqnwmhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܩܒܠܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܒܠܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- qblwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Similiter autem et masculi, relicto naturali usu feminæ, exarserunt in desideriis suis in invicem, masculi in masculos turpitudinem operantes, et mercedem, quam oportuit, erroris sui in semetipsis recipientes.
29 word entries
similiter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- similiter
- Transliteration
- similiter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 139
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
masculi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- masculus
- Transliteration
- masculi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 49
relicto
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- relinquo
- Transliteration
- relicto
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 267
naturali
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- naturalis
- Transliteration
- naturali
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 5
usu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- usus
- Transliteration
- usu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 40
feminae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- femina
- Transliteration
- feminae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 42
exarserunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exardesco
- Transliteration
- exarserunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
desideriis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- desiderium
- Transliteration
- desideriis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 60
suis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
invicem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuicem
- Transliteration
- invicem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 118
masculi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- masculus
- Transliteration
- masculi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 49
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
masculos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- masculus
- Transliteration
- masculos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 49
turpitudinem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- turpitudo
- Transliteration
- turpitudinem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 34
operantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- operor
- Transliteration
- operantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 234
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
mercedem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- merces
- Transliteration
- mercedem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 104
quam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
oportuit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- oportet
- Transliteration
- oportuit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 121
erroris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- error
- Transliteration
- erroris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
sui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- sui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
semet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sui
- Transliteration
- semet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1317
ipsis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
recipientes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- recipio
- Transliteration
- recipientes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 119
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Leviticus 20:13
And if a man has sex relations with a man, the two of them have done a disgusting thing: let them be put to death; their blood will be on them.
25 relevance votesLeviticus 18:22
You may not have sex relations with men, as you do with women: it is a disgusting thing.
20 relevance votes