14 I have a debt to Greeks and to the nations outside; to the wise and to those who have no learning.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 1:14. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
36
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ἕλλησί τε καὶ βαρβάροις, σοφοῖς τε καὶ ἀνοήτοις ὀφειλέτης εἰμί·
10 word entries
Ἕλλησί
τε
καὶ
βαρβάροις
σοφοῖς
τε
καὶ
ἀνοήτοις
ὀφειλέτης
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Ἕλλησίν τε καὶ βαρβάροις, σοφοῖς τε καὶ ἀνοήτοις ὀφειλέτης εἰμί·
10 word entries
καὶ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܝܘܢܝܐ ܘܒܪܒܪܝܐ ܚܟܝܡܐ ܘܣܟܠܐ ܕܠܟܠܢܫ ܚܝܒ ܐܢܐ ܕܐܟܪܙ
8 word entries
ܝܘܢܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܘܢܝܐ
- Transliteration
- ywny'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 7
ܘܒܪܒܪܝܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܪܒܪܝܐ
- Transliteration
- wbrbry'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܚܟܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܟܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- hkym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 18
ܘܣܟܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܣܟܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wskl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܠܟܠܢܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܟܠܢܫ
- Transliteration
- dlklnsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܚܝܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܝܒ
- Transliteration
- hyb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 16
ܐܢܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܐ
- Transliteration
- ena
- Morphology
- personal pronoun, first common singular
- Gloss
- I
- Occurrences
- 1361
ܕܐܟܪܙ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܟܪܙ
- Transliteration
- d'krz
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Græcis ac barbaris, sapientibus, et insipientibus debitor sum:
8 word entries
Graecis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Graecus
- Transliteration
- Graecis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 6
ac
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- atque
- Transliteration
- ac
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 755
barbaris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- barbarus
- Transliteration
- barbaris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 9
sapientibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sapiens
- Transliteration
- sapientibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 208
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
insipientibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- insipiens
- Transliteration
- insipientibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 53
debitor
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- debitor
- Transliteration
- debitor
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 10
sum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Colossians 3:11
Where there is no Greek or Jew, no one with circumcision or without circumcision, no division between nations, no servant or free man: but Christ is all and in all.
7 relevance votesActs 9:15
But the Lord said, Go without fear: for he is a special vessel for me, to give to the Gentiles and kings and to the children of Israel the knowledge of my name:
7 relevance votesActs 22:21
And he said to me, Go, for I will send you far away to the Gentiles.
6 relevance votesRomans 12:16
Be in harmony with one another. Do not have a high opinion of yourselves, but be in agreement with common people. Do not give yourselves an air of wisdom.
4 relevance votesRomans 1:22
Seeming to be wise, they were in fact foolish,
3 relevance votesIsaiah 35:8
And a highway will be there; its name will be, The Holy Way; the unclean and the sinner may not go over it, and those who go on it will not be turned out of the way by the foolish.
3 relevance votes2 Corinthians 11:19
For you put up with the foolish gladly, being wise yourselves.
3 relevance votesRomans 16:19
For all have knowledge of how you do what you are ordered. For this reason I have joy in you, but it is my desire that you may be wise in what is good, and without knowledge of evil.
3 relevance votesRomans 8:12
So then, my brothers, we are in debt, not to the flesh to be living in the way of the flesh:
3 relevance votesRomans 13:8
Be in debt for nothing, but to have love for one another: for he who has love for his neighbour has kept all the law.
3 relevance votes1 Corinthians 14:16
For if you give a blessing with the spirit, how will the man who has no knowledge say, So be it, after your prayer, seeing that he has not taken in what you are saying?
2 relevance votes1 Corinthians 3:18
Let no man have a false idea. If any man seems to himself to be wise among you, let him become foolish, so that he may be wise.
2 relevance votes