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World English Bible

Psalms 8

World English Bible, Verse 8

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⁸ the birds of the sky, the fish of the sea, and whatever passes through the paths of the seas.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 8:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 42

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

צֹנֶ֣ה וַאֲלָפִ֣ים כֻּלָּ֑ם וְ֝גַ֗ם בַּהֲמ֥וֹת שָׂדָֽי׃

6 word entries

צֹנֶ֣ה

Lemma: 6792
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6792
Occurrences: 1

וַאֲלָפִ֣ים

Lemma: c/504
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H504
Occurrences: 1

כֻּלָּ֑ם

Lemma: 3605
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3605
Occurrences: 3268

וְ֝גַ֗ם

Lemma: c/1571
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H1571
Occurrences: 249

בַּהֲמ֥וֹת

Lemma: 929
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H929
Occurrences: 70

שָׂדָֽי

Lemma: 7704 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7704
Occurrences: 13

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

πρόβατα καὶ βόας πάσας, ἔτι δὲ καὶ τὰ κτήνη τοῦ πεδίου,

11 word entries

πρόβατα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πρόβατον
Transliteration: probata
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative plural
Gloss: sheep
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sheep or flock animals.
Occurrences: 249

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

βόας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βόας
Transliteration: boas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 30

πάσας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πᾶς
Transliteration: pas
Morphology: adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: all, every
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: All, every, whole.
Occurrences: 6138

ἔτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔτι
Transliteration: eti
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: still, yet, again
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Still, yet, further.
Occurrences: 520

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

τὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

κτήνη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κτῆνος
Transliteration: ktene
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative plural
Gloss: livestock, cattle
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Livestock, cattle, or domestic animals.
Occurrences: 185

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πεδίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πεδίου
Transliteration: pedioy
Morphology: genitive singular masculine/neuter pattern
Gloss: of ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/pronoun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 37

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܥܢܐ ܘܒܩܪ̈ܐ ܟܠܗܝܢ ܐܦ ܚܝܘܬܐ ܕܕܒܪܐ

6 word entries

ܥܢܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <N>
Morphology: <N/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܒܩܪ̈ܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WBQR">
Morphology: W-BQR/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܟܠܗܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: KLHJN
Morphology: KL/-HJN
Occurrences: 0

ܐܦ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >P
Morphology: >P
Occurrences: 0

ܚܝܘܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: XJWT>
Morphology: XJW(>/T~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܕܒܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DDBR>
Morphology: D-DBR=/~>
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

עָאן וְתוֹרֵי כוּלְהוֹן וּלְחוֹד בְּעִירֵי חַקְלָא׃

6 word entries

עָאן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עאן
Transliteration: ''n
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 34

וְתוֹרֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תורי
Transliteration: wtwry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 23

כוּלְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ולהון
Transliteration: kwlhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 156

וּלְחוֹד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לחוד
Transliteration: wlchwd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 14

בְּעִירֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עירי
Transliteration: b'yry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

חַקְלָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חקלא
Transliteration: chql'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 94

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Omnia subjecisti sub pedibus ejus, oves et boves universas, insuper et pecora campi,

13 word entries

omnia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: omnis
Transliteration: omnia
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5506

subiecisti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: subicio
Transliteration: subiecisti
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 79

sub

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sub
Transliteration: sub
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 330

pedibus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pes
Transliteration: pedibus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 362

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

oves

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ouis
Transliteration: oves
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 227

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

boves

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: bos
Transliteration: boves
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 227

universas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uniuersus
Transliteration: universas
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 889

insuper

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: insuper
Transliteration: insuper
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 56

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

pecora

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pecus
Transliteration: pecora
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 109

campi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: campus
Transliteration: campi
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 58

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Psalms 148:10

wild animals and all livestock, small creatures and flying birds,

4 relevance votes

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