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World English Bible

Psalms 8

World English Bible, Verse 4

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⁴ what is man, that you think of him? What is the son of man, that you care for him?

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 8:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 55

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

כִּֽי־אֶרְאֶ֣ה שָׁ֭מֶיךָ מַעֲשֵׂ֣י אֶצְבְּעֹתֶ֑יךָ יָרֵ֥חַ וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר כּוֹנָֽנְתָּה׃

9 word entries

כִּֽי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

אֶרְאֶ֣ה

Lemma: 7200
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7200
Occurrences: 675

שָׁ֭מֶיךָ

Lemma: 8064
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8064
Occurrences: 99

מַעֲשֵׂ֣י

Lemma: 4639
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4639
Occurrences: 158

אֶצְבְּעֹתֶ֑יךָ

Lemma: 676
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H676
Occurrences: 12

יָרֵ֥חַ

Lemma: 3394
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3394
Occurrences: 7

וְ֝כוֹכָבִ֗ים

Lemma: c/3556
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3556
Occurrences: 6

אֲשֶׁ֣ר

Lemma: 834 a
Morphology: Hebrew: particle relative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 4808

כּוֹנָֽנְתָּה

Lemma: 3559 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb polel perfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3559
Occurrences: 155

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὅτι ὄψομαι τοὺς οὐρανοὺς ἔργα τῶν δακτύλων σου, σελήνην καὶ ἀστέρας, ἃ σὺ ἐθεμελίωσας·

14 word entries

Ὅτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅτι
Transliteration: hoti
Morphology: subordinating conjunction
Gloss: that, because, for
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Conjunction introducing cause, content, or explanation.
Occurrences: 3703

ὄψομαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὄψομαι
Transliteration: opsomai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

τοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

οὐρανοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: οὐρανοὺς
Transliteration: oyranoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ἔργα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔργον
Transliteration: ergon
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: work, deed
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Work, deed, action, or task.
Occurrences: 527

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δακτύλων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δακτύλων
Transliteration: daktylon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

σου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

σελήνην

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σελήνην
Transliteration: selenen
Morphology: accusative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 8

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀστέρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀστέρας
Transliteration: asteras
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 12

ἃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: ha
Morphology: relative pronoun, nominative/accusative neuter plural
Gloss: which, things that
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

σὺ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ἐθεμελίωσας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐθεμελίωσας
Transliteration: ethemeliosas
Morphology: aorist active participle nominative masculine singular pattern, or 2nd singular verb depending on context
Gloss: having ...
Part of Speech: participle/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܛܠ ܕܚܙܘ ܫܡ̈ܝܟ ܥܒܕܐ ܕܨܒ̈ܥܬܟ ܣܗܪܐ ܘܟܘܟ̈ܒܐ ܬܩܢܬ

8 word entries

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: MVL
Morphology: MVL
Occurrences: 0

ܕܚܙܘ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DXZW
Morphology: D-XZ(J[W
Occurrences: 0

ܫܡ̈ܝܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CM"JK
Morphology: CM(J/J-K
Occurrences: 0

ܥܒܕܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <BD>
Morphology: <BD==/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܨܒ̈ܥܬܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DYB"<TK
Morphology: D-YB<=/T=-K
Occurrences: 0

ܣܗܪܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: SHR>
Morphology: SHR/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܟܘܟ̈ܒܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WKWK"B>
Morphology: W-KWKB/(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܬܩܢܬ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TQNT
Morphology: TQN[T:d
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מְטוּל דְאֶחְמֵי שְׁמָיִךְ עוֹבָדִי אֶצְבְּעָתָךְ סִיהֲרָא וְכֹכְבַיָא דִי אַתְקֵינְתָּא׃

9 word entries

מְטוּל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טול
Transliteration: mtwl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 322

דְאֶחְמֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אחמי
Transliteration: d'chmy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 17

שְׁמָיִךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמיך
Transliteration: shmyk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

עוֹבָדִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עובדי
Transliteration: 'wbdy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 86

אֶצְבְּעָתָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אצבעתך
Transliteration: 'tsb'tk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 2

סִיהֲרָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סיהרא
Transliteration: syhr'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 24

וְכֹכְבַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ככביא
Transliteration: wkkby'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

דִי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1711

אַתְקֵינְתָּא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתקינתא
Transliteration: 'tqynt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 8

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quoniam videbo cælos tuos, opera digitorum tuorum, lunam et stellas quæ tu fundasti.

15 word entries

quoniam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quoniam
Transliteration: quoniam
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1134

videbo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uideo
Transliteration: videbo
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1988

caelos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: caelus
Transliteration: caelos
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 35

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: *
Transliteration: *
Morphology: GreLa POS: other
Occurrences: 40

tuos

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tuos
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

;

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ;
Transliteration: ;
Morphology: GreLa POS: other
Occurrences: 131

opera

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: opus?
Transliteration: opera
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 108

digitorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: digitus
Transliteration: digitorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 47

tuorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tuorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

lunam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: luna
Transliteration: lunam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 51

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

stellas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: stella
Transliteration: stellas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 59

quae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tu
Transliteration: tu
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4602

fundasti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: fundo
Transliteration: fundasti
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 130

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 8

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Ranked cross references

Job 7:17

Psalms 144:3

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Luke 1:68

Genesis 21:1

2 Chronicles 6:18

Matthew 8:20

Psalms 106:4

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Psalms 80:17

Isaiah 51:12

Exodus 4:31