3 When I consider your heavens, the work of your fingers, the moon and the stars, which you have ordained,
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Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 8:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
מִפִּ֤י עֽוֹלְלִ֨ים ׀ וְֽיֹנְקִים֮ יִסַּ֪דְתָּ֫ עֹ֥ז לְמַ֥עַן צוֹרְרֶ֑יךָ לְהַשְׁבִּ֥ית א֝וֹיֵ֗ב וּמִתְנַקֵּֽם׃
מִפִּ֤י
עֽוֹלְלִ֨ים
וְֽיֹנְקִים֮
יִסַּ֪דְתָּ֫
עֹ֥ז
לְמַ֥עַן
צוֹרְרֶ֑יךָ
לְהַשְׁבִּ֥ית
א֝וֹיֵ֗ב
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἐκ στόματος νηπίων καὶ θηλαζόντων κατηρτίσω αἶνον· ἕνεκα τῶν ἐχθρῶν σου, τοῦ καταλῦσαι ἐχθρὸν καὶ ἐκδικητήν.
Ἐκ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐκ
- Transliteration
- ek
- Morphology
- preposition with genitive
- Gloss
- from, out of
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
- Occurrences
- 3500
στόματος
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- στόμα
- Transliteration
- stoma
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- mouth
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Mouth, opening, or speech.
- Occurrences
- 384
νηπίων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- νηπίων
- Transliteration
- nepion
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 10
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
θηλαζόντων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- θηλαζόντων
- Transliteration
- thelazonton
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
κατηρτίσω
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- κατηρτίσω
- Transliteration
- katertiso
- Morphology
- future active indicative, 1st singular pattern
- Gloss
- I will ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 7
αἶνον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- αἶνον
- Transliteration
- anon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
ἕνεκα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἕνεκα
- Transliteration
- eneka
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 26
τῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ἐχθρῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἐχθρός
- Transliteration
- echthron
- Morphology
- noun/adjective, genitive plural
- Gloss
- of enemies
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective
- Definition
- Enemy or hostile one.
- Occurrences
- 210
σου
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- σύ
- Transliteration
- sy
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative second-person singular
- Gloss
- you
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Second-person personal pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 12950
τοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
καταλῦσαι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- καταλῦσαι
- Transliteration
- katalysai
- Morphology
- Greek -σαι form; likely aorist infinitive or middle/passive verb form depending on context
- Gloss
- to ...
- Part of Speech
- infinitive/verb form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
ἐχθρὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἐχθρὸν
- Transliteration
- echthron
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 14
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἐκδικητήν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐκδικητήν
- Transliteration
- ekdiketen
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܢ ܦܘܡܐ ܕܥ̈ܠܝܡܐ ܘܕܛ̈ܠܝܐ ܬܩܢܬ ܬܫܒܘܚܬܟ ܡܛܠ ܒ̈ܥܠܕܒܒܝܟ ܢܬܒܛܠ ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ ܕܡܬܢܩܡ
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MN
- Morphology
- MN
- Occurrences
- 0
ܦܘܡܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- PWM>
- Morphology
- PWM/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܥ̈ܠܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- D<"LJM>
- Morphology
- D-<LJM/(J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܘܕܛ̈ܠܝܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- WDV"LJ>
- Morphology
- W-D-VL(J/J~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܬܩܢܬ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- TQNT
- Morphology
- TQN[T=:d
- Occurrences
- 0
ܬܫܒܘܚܬܟ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- TCBWXTK
- Morphology
- TCB&WX(>/T-K
- Occurrences
- 0
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- MVL
- Morphology
- MVL
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒ̈ܥܠܕܒܒܝܟ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- B"<LDBBJK
- Morphology
- B<LDBB/J-K
- Occurrences
- 0
ܢܬܒܛܠ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- NTBVL
- Morphology
- !N!@(>T@BVL[:d
- Occurrences
- 0
ܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- B<LDBB>
- Morphology
- B<LDBB/~>
- Occurrences
- 0
ܕܡܬܢܩܡ
- Confidence
- medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
- Note
- OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
- Transliteration
- DMTNQM
- Morphology
- D-!M!@(>T@NQM[/:d
- Occurrences
- 0
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
מִפּוּם עוּלֵמַיָא וְיוֹנְקַיָא אִשְׁתֵּסְתָּא עוֹשָׁנָא מִן בִּגְלַל מְעִיקָיִךְ לְבַטָלָא בְּעֵיל דְבָבָא וְגָזוֹמָא׃
מִפּוּם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פום
- Transliteration
- mpwm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 45
עוּלֵמַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עולמיא
- Transliteration
- 'wlmy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 16
וְיוֹנְקַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יונקיא
- Transliteration
- wywnqy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
אִשְׁתֵּסְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשתסתא
- Transliteration
- 'shtst'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
עוֹשָׁנָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עושנא
- Transliteration
- 'wshn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 24
מִן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
בִּגְלַל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גלל
- Transliteration
- bgll
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 84
מְעִיקָיִךְ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עיקיך
- Transliteration
- m'yqyk
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 2
לְבַטָלָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בטלא
- Transliteration
- lbtl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 9
בְּעֵיל
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עיל
- Transliteration
- b'yl
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 62
דְבָבָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בבא
- Transliteration
- dbb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 41
וְגָזוֹמָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- גזומא
- Transliteration
- wgzwm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Ex ore infantium et lactentium perfecisti laudem propter inimicos tuos, ut destruas inimicum et ultorem.
ex
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ex
- Transliteration
- ex
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 1715
ore
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- os
- Transliteration
- ore
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 657
infantium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- infans
- Transliteration
- infantium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 43
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
lactantium
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lacto
- Transliteration
- lactantium
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 21
perfecisti
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- perficio
- Transliteration
- perfecisti
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 73
laudem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- laus
- Transliteration
- laudem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 110
propter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propter
- Transliteration
- propter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 688
inimicos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inimicus
- Transliteration
- inimicos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 389
tuos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tuus
- Transliteration
- tuos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5615
ut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ut
- Transliteration
- ut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4533
destruas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- destruo
- Transliteration
- destruas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 117
inimicum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inimicus
- Transliteration
- inimicum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 389
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
ultorem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ultor
- Transliteration
- ultorem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 12
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Genesis 1:1
In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth.
26 relevance votesPsalms 33:6
By Yahweh’s word, the heavens were made: all their army by the breath of his mouth.
18 relevance votesPsalms 104:19
He appointed the moon for seasons. The sun knows when to set.
14 relevance votesPsalms 89:11
The heavens are yours. The earth also is yours, the world and its fullness. You have founded them.
14 relevance votesPsalms 111:2
Yahweh’s works are great, pondered by all those who delight in them.
14 relevance votesRomans 1:20
For the invisible things of him since the creation of the world are clearly seen, being perceived through the things that are made, even his everlasting power and divinity, that they may be without excuse.
11 relevance votesLuke 11:20
But if I by God’s finger cast out demons, then God’s Kingdom has come to you.
10 relevance votesExodus 8:19
Then the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is God’s finger;” but Pharaoh’s heart was hardened, and he didn’t listen to them, as Yahweh had spoken.
10 relevance votesDeuteronomy 4:19
and lest you lift up your eyes to the sky, and when you see the sun and the moon and the stars, even all the army of the sky, you are drawn away and worship them, and serve them, which Yahweh your God has allotted to all the peoples under the whole sky.
8 relevance votesJob 22:12
“Isn’t God in the heights of heaven? See the height of the stars, how high they are!
8 relevance votesExodus 31:18
When he finished speaking with him on Mount Sinai, he gave Moses the two tablets of the covenant, stone tablets, written with God’s finger.
7 relevance votesJob 25:5
Behold, even the moon has no brightness, and the stars are not pure in his sight;
6 relevance votes