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World English Bible

Psalms 77

World English Bible, Verse 3

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³ I remember God, and I groan. I complain, and my spirit is overwhelmed. Selah.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 77:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 64

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

בְּי֥וֹם צָרָתִי֮ אֲדֹנָ֪י דָּ֫רָ֥שְׁתִּי יָדִ֤י ׀ לַ֣יְלָה נִ֭גְּרָה וְלֹ֣א תָפ֑וּג מֵאֲנָ֖ה הִנָּחֵ֣ם נַפְשִֽׁי׃

12 word entries

בְּי֥וֹם

Lemma: b/3117
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3117
Occurrences: 662

צָרָתִי֮

Lemma: 6869 b
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6869
Occurrences: 50

אֲדֹנָ֪י

Lemma: 136
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H136
Occurrences: 424

דָּ֫רָ֥שְׁתִּי

Lemma: 1875
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1875
Occurrences: 103

יָדִ֤י

Lemma: 3027
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3027
Occurrences: 747

לַ֣יְלָה

Lemma: 3915
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3915
Occurrences: 88

נִ֭גְּרָה

Lemma: 5064
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5064
Occurrences: 5

וְלֹ֣א

Lemma: c/3808
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 1593

תָפ֑וּג

Lemma: 6313
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6313
Occurrences: 3

מֵאֲנָ֖ה

Lemma: 3985
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3985
Occurrences: 26

הִנָּחֵ֣ם

Lemma: 5162
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5162
Occurrences: 57

נַפְשִֽׁי

Lemma: 5315
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5315
Occurrences: 576

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ὅσα ἠκούσαμεν καὶ ἔγνωμεν αὐτὰ, καὶ οἱ πατέρες ἡμῶν διηγήσαντο ἡμῖν.

11 word entries

Ὅσα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅσος
Transliteration: hosa
Morphology: relative adjective/pronoun, nominative/accusative neuter plural
Gloss: as many as, whatever
Part of Speech: relative adjective/pronoun
Definition: As much as, as many as.
Occurrences: 516

ἠκούσαμεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἠκούσαμεν
Transliteration: ekoysamen
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἠκούσαμεν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 23

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἔγνωμεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἔγνωμεν
Transliteration: egnomen
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἔγνωμεν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

αὐτὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

οἱ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πατέρες

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πατήρ
Transliteration: pater
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: father
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Father or ancestor.
Occurrences: 1228

ἡμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

διηγήσαντο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: διηγήσαντο
Transliteration: diegesanto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

ἡμῖν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܒܝܘܡܐ ܕܐܘܠܨܢܝ ܠܡܪܝܐ ܒܥܝܬ ܘܐܝܕܗ ܒܠܠܝܐ ܢܓܕܬܢܝ ܘܠܐ ܫܠܝܬ ܘܠܝܬ ܡܒܝܐܢܐ ܠܢܦܫܝ

12 word entries

ܒܝܘܡܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܝܘܡܐ
Transliteration: bywm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 327

ܕܐܘܠܨܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܘܠܨܢܝ
Transliteration: d'wlsny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 4

ܠܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: lmry'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 501

ܒܥܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܥܝܬ
Transliteration: b'yt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 10

ܘܐܝܕܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܝܕܗ
Transliteration: w'ydh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 8

ܒܠܠܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܠܠܝܐ
Transliteration: blly'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 88

ܢܓܕܬܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܓܕܬܢܝ
Transliteration: ngdtny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܘܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܐ
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1993

ܫܠܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܠܝܬ
Transliteration: shlyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 7

ܘܠܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܝܬ
Transliteration: wlyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 221

ܡܒܝܐܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܒܝܐܢܐ
Transliteration: mby'n'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 11

ܠܢܦܫܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܢܦܫܝ
Transliteration: lnpshy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 35

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בְּיוֹם עָקְתִי אוּלְפָן מִן קֳדָם יְיָ תְּבַעֵית שְׁרַת עֲלַי נְבוּאָה בְּלֵילְיָא זִלְגַת עֵינִי דִמְעֲתָא וְלָא סְפוּג סְרִיבַת לְאִתְנְחָמָא נַפְשִׁי׃

19 word entries

בְּיוֹם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יום
Transliteration: bywm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 899

עָקְתִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עקתי
Transliteration: 'qty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

אוּלְפָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אולפן
Transliteration: 'wlpn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 119

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

תְּבַעֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תבעית
Transliteration: tb'yt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 10

שְׁרַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שרת
Transliteration: shrt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 37

עֲלַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלי
Transliteration: 'ly
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 440

נְבוּאָה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נבואה
Transliteration: nbw'h
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 243

בְּלֵילְיָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: ליל
Transliteration: blyly'
Morphology: prefixed preposition ב + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: in/with night
Occurrences: 232

זִלְגַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זלגת
Transliteration: zlgt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

עֵינִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיני
Transliteration: 'yny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 157

דִמְעֲתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מעתא
Transliteration: dm't'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 6

וְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ולא
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1587

סְפוּג

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ספוג
Transliteration: spwg
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

סְרִיבַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סריבת
Transliteration: srybt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

לְאִתְנְחָמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתנחמא
Transliteration: l'tnchm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

נַפְשִׁי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נפשי
Transliteration: npshy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 173

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quanta audivimus, et cognovimus ea, et patres nostri narraverunt nobis.

10 word entries

quanta

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quantus
Transliteration: quanta
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 38

audivimus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: audio
Transliteration: audivimus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1534

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

cognovimus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cognosco
Transliteration: cognovimus
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 369

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: ea
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

patres

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pater
Transliteration: patres
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1575

nostri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostri
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

narraverunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: narro
Transliteration: narraverunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 111

nobis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nos
Transliteration: nobis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1585

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 77

Source Text Study

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