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Jump to a verse in Psalms 77

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World English Bible

Psalms 77

World English Bible, Verse 16

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¹⁶ The waters saw you, God. The waters saw you, and they writhed. The depths also convulsed.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 77:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 43

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

גָּאַ֣לְתָּ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ עַמֶּ֑ךָ בְּנֵי־יַעֲקֹ֖ב וְיוֹסֵ֣ף סֶֽלָה׃

7 word entries

גָּאַ֣לְתָּ

Lemma: 1350 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1350
Occurrences: 76

בִּזְר֣וֹעַ

Lemma: b/2220
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2220
Occurrences: 6

עַמֶּ֑ךָ

Lemma: 5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 682

בְּנֵי

Lemma: 1121 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1121
Occurrences: 4020

יַעֲקֹ֖ב

Lemma: 3290
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3290
Occurrences: 274

וְיוֹסֵ֣ף

Lemma: c/3130
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun proper
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3130
Occurrences: 9

סֶֽלָה

Lemma: 5542
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H5542
Occurrences: 74

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐξήγαγεν ὕδωρ ἐκ πέτρας, καὶ κατήγαγεν ὡς ποταμοὺς ὕδατα.

10 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐξήγαγεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐξήγαγεν
Transliteration: exegagen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 31

ὕδωρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

ἐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκ
Transliteration: ek
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, out of
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the genitive; form before a vowel.
Occurrences: 3500

πέτρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πέτρα
Transliteration: petras
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular or accusative plural
Gloss: of rock, rocks
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Rock, cliff, or rocky place.
Occurrences: 47

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

κατήγαγεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κατήγαγεν
Transliteration: kategagen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 6

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

ποταμοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποταμοὺς
Transliteration: potamoys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

ὕδατα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܦܪܩܬ ܒܕܪܥܟ ܠܥܡܟ ܠܒܢ̈ܝ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܘܝܘܣܦ

6 word entries

ܘܦܪܩܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܦܪܩܬ
Transliteration: wprqt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 7

ܒܕܪܥܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܕܪܥܟ
Transliteration: bdr'k
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 2

ܠܥܡܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܥܡܟ
Transliteration: l'mk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 35

ܠܒܢ̈ܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܒܢܝ
Transliteration: lbny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 121

ܝܥܩܘܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܥܩܘܒ
Transliteration: y'qwb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 63

ܘܝܘܣܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܝܘܣܦ
Transliteration: wywsp
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 3

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

פְּרַקְתָּא בִגְבוּרַת אֶדְרְעָךְ עַמָךְ בָּנַיָא דְאוֹלִיד יַעֲקֹב וְזָן יוֹסֵף לְעַלְמִין׃

10 word entries

פְּרַקְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פרקתא
Transliteration: prqt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 5

בִגְבוּרַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבורת
Transliteration: bgbwrt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 13

אֶדְרְעָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אדרעך
Transliteration: 'dr'k
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

עַמָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמך
Transliteration: 'mk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 249

בָּנַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ניא
Transliteration: bny'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 61

דְאוֹלִיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אוליד
Transliteration: d'wlyd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 105

יַעֲקֹב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יעקב
Transliteration: y'qb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 169

וְזָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וזן
Transliteration: wzn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 2

יוֹסֵף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יוסף
Transliteration: ywsp
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 47

לְעַלְמִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמין
Transliteration: l'lmyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 126

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Et eduxit aquam de petra, et deduxit tamquam flumina aquas.

10 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

eduxit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: educo
Transliteration: eduxit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 269

aquam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aqua
Transliteration: aquam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 692

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

petra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: petra
Transliteration: petra
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 103

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

deduxit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deduco
Transliteration: deduxit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 101

tamquam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tamquam
Transliteration: tamquam
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 176

flumina

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: flumen
Transliteration: flumina
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 138

aquas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aqua
Transliteration: aquas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 692

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Exodus 14:21

Moses stretched out his hand over the sea, and Yahweh caused the sea to go back by a strong east wind all night, and made the sea dry land, and the waters were divided.

9 relevance votes

Habakkuk 3:15

You trampled the sea with your horses, churning mighty waters.

6 relevance votes

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