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World English Bible

Psalms 74

World English Bible, Verse 18

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¹⁸ Remember this, that the enemy has mocked you, Yahweh. Foolish people have blasphemed your name.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 74:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 7

Word Entries 55

Editorial Notes 2

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

זְכָר־זֹ֗את א֭וֹיֵב חֵרֵ֣ף ׀ יְהוָ֑ה וְעַ֥ם נָ֝בָ֗ל נִֽאֲצ֥וּ שְׁמֶֽךָ׃

9 word entries

זְכָר

Lemma: 2142
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2142
Occurrences: 181

זֹ֗את

Lemma: 2063
Morphology: Hebrew: pronoun
Part of Speech: pronoun
Strong's: H2063
Occurrences: 251

א֭וֹיֵב

Lemma: 341
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H341
Occurrences: 229

חֵרֵ֣ף

Lemma: 2778 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2778
Occurrences: 30

יְהוָ֑ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

וְעַ֥ם

Lemma: c/5971 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5971
Occurrences: 59

נָ֝בָ֗ל

Lemma: 5036
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H5036
Occurrences: 12

נִֽאֲצ֥וּ

Lemma: 5006
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5006
Occurrences: 20

שְׁמֶֽךָ

Lemma: 8034
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8034
Occurrences: 521

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Shown from source reference 73:18 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

Μνήσθητι ταύτης τῆς κτίσεώς σου· ἐχθρὸς ὠνείδισε τὸν Κύριον, καὶ λαὸς ἄφρων παρώξυνε τὸ ὄνομά σου.

16 word entries

Μνήσθητι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μιμνῄσκομαι
Transliteration: mnestheti
Morphology: verb, aorist passive imperative, 2nd singular with middle sense
Gloss: remember
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To remember or call to mind.
Occurrences: 55

ταύτης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὗτος
Transliteration: houtos
Morphology: demonstrative pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: this one
Part of Speech: demonstrative pronoun
Definition: This, these.
Occurrences: 3767

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

κτίσεώς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κτίσεώς
Transliteration: ktiseos
Morphology: adverbial -ως form or perfect participle pattern depending on context
Gloss: ...ly / having ...
Part of Speech: adverb/participle form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

σου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ἐχθρὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐχθρὸς
Transliteration: echthros
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 25

ὠνείδισε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ὠνείδισε
Transliteration: oneidise
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

τὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Κύριον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

λαὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λαός
Transliteration: laos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: People, nation, or community.
Occurrences: 1841

ἄφρων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄφρων
Transliteration: aphron
Morphology: adjective/substantive, nominative masculine/feminine singular
Gloss: foolish, fool
Part of Speech: adjective/substantive
Definition: Foolish, senseless, or a fool.
Occurrences: 50

παρώξυνε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: παρώξυνε
Transliteration: paroxyne
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὄνομά

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄνομα
Transliteration: onoma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: name
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Name.
Occurrences: 908

σου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܬܕܟܪ ܡܪܝܐ ܚܣܕܗ ܕܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ ܥܡܐ ܣܟܠܐ ܐܪܓܙ ܠܫܡܟ

8 word entries

ܐܬܕܟܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܬܕܟܪ
Transliteration: 'tdkr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 43

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܚܣܕܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܣܕܗ
Transliteration: hsdh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܕܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܒܥܠܕܒܒܐ
Transliteration: db'ldbb'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 18

ܥܡܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܥܡܐ
Transliteration: amma
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: people, nation
Occurrences: 688

ܣܟܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܟܠܐ
Transliteration: skl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 46

ܐܪܓܙ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܪܓܙ
Transliteration: 'rgz
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܠܫܡܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܫܡܟ
Transliteration: lshmk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 35

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

אִדְכַּר דָא בְּעֵיל דְבָבָא מְגַדֵף יְיָ וְעַמָא טִפְּשָׁא דְרָחִיקוּ שְׁמָךְ׃

10 word entries

אִדְכַּר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אדכר
Transliteration: 'dkr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 39

דָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דא
Transliteration: d'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 192

בְּעֵיל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עיל
Transliteration: b'yl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 62

דְבָבָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בבא
Transliteration: dbb'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 41

מְגַדֵף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גדף
Transliteration: mgdp
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

וְעַמָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: w'm'
Morphology: prefixed conjunction ו + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: and people
Occurrences: 1754

טִפְּשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טפשא
Transliteration: tpsh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 14

דְרָחִיקוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רחיקו
Transliteration: drchyqw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

שְׁמָךְ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שמך
Transliteration: shmk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 96

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Shown from source reference 73:18 because this tradition numbers the passage differently.

Memor esto hujus: inimicus improperavit Domino, et populus insipiens incitavit nomen tuum.

12 word entries

memor

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: memor
Transliteration: memor
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 66

esto

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: esto
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

huius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: hic
Transliteration: huius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4646

inimicus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: inimicus
Transliteration: inimicus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 389

inproperavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: impropero
Transliteration: inproperavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 10

Dominum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

populus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: populus
Transliteration: populus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2030

insipiens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: insipiens
Transliteration: insipiens
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 53

incitavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: incito
Transliteration: incitavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6

nomen

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nomen
Transliteration: nomen
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1130

tuum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: tuus
Transliteration: tuum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5615

Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Source

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Remember this, that the enemy hath reproached, O LORD , and that the foolish people have blasphemed thy name." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Spirit Nation Latin Vulgate Alignment Note English · Latin Vulgate Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note

Source

Coverage: Source-structure exceptions

Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.

Editorial alignment note: The Clementine Vulgate source does not expose this exact reader reference as a one-to-one source row. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Remember this, that the enemy hath reproached, O LORD , and that the foolish people have blasphemed thy name." This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.

Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 74

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