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World English Bible

Psalms 48

World English Bible, Verse 8

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⁸ As we have heard, so we have seen, in the city of Yahweh of Armies, in the city of our God. God will establish it forever. Selah.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 48:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 40

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

בְּר֥וּחַ קָדִ֑ים תְּ֝שַׁבֵּ֗ר אֳנִיּ֥וֹת תַּרְשִֽׁישׁ׃

5 word entries

בְּר֥וּחַ

Lemma: b/7307
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common both gender singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7307
Occurrences: 22

קָדִ֑ים

Lemma: 6921
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6921
Occurrences: 46

תְּ֝שַׁבֵּ֗ר

Lemma: 7665
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperfect 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7665
Occurrences: 91

אֳנִיּ֥וֹת

Lemma: 591
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H591
Occurrences: 22

תַּרְשִֽׁישׁ

Lemma: 8659
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8659
Occurrences: 24

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἀδελφὸς οὐ λυτροῦται, λυτρώσεται ἄνθρωπος; οὐ δώσει τῷ Θεῷ ἐξίλασμα ἑαυτοῦ,

11 word entries

Ἀδελφὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀδελφός
Transliteration: adelphos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: brother
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Brother, kinsman, or member of a people.
Occurrences: 739

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

λυτροῦται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: λυτροῦται
Transliteration: lytroytai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

λυτρώσεται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: λυτρώσεται
Transliteration: lytrosetai
Morphology: verb, future middle indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 10

ἄνθρωπος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄνθρωπος
Transliteration: anthropos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: human, man
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Human being, person, man.
Occurrences: 1305

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

δώσει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δίδωμι
Transliteration: dosei
Morphology: verb, future active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it will give
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To give.
Occurrences: 1384

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Θεῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θεός
Transliteration: theo
Morphology: noun, masculine dative singular
Gloss: to/for God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 3522

ἐξίλασμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐξίλασμα
Transliteration: exilasma
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

ἑαυτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܒܪܘܚܐ ܥܫܝܢܬܐ ܢܬܬܒܪ̈ܢ ܐ̈ܠܦܐ ܕܬܪܫܝܫ

5 word entries

ܒܪܘܚܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܪܘܚܐ
Transliteration: brwh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 8

ܥܫܝܢܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܫܝܢܬܐ
Transliteration: 'shynt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 48

ܢܬܬܒܪ̈ܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܬܬܒܪܢ
Transliteration: nttbrn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 6

ܐ̈ܠܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܠܦܐ
Transliteration: 'lp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 47

ܕܬܪܫܝܫ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܬܪܫܝܫ
Transliteration: dtrshysh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 7

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בְּקִידוּם תַּקִיף כְּאֶשָׁא דְמִן קֳדָם יְיָ תְּתַבַּר אִלְפַיָא דְטַרְסִיס׃

9 word entries

בְּקִידוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קידום
Transliteration: bqydwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 3

תַּקִיף

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקיף
Transliteration: tqyp
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 178

כְּאֶשָׁא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אשא
Transliteration: k'sh'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 38

דְמִן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דמן
Transliteration: dmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 252

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

תְּתַבַּר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תתבר
Transliteration: ttbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 20

אִלְפַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אלפיא
Transliteration: 'lpy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 19

דְטַרְסִיס׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טרסיס
Transliteration: dtrsys
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 2

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Frater non redimit, redimet homo: non dabit Deo placationem suam,

10 word entries

frater

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: frater
Transliteration: frater
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1060

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

redimit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: redimo
Transliteration: redimit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 100

redimet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: redimo
Transliteration: redimet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 100

homo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: homo
Transliteration: homo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1653

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

dabit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: do
Transliteration: dabit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2116

Deo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deus
Transliteration: Deo
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity
Etymology: Latin noun for God or a god.
Occurrences: 4889

placationem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: placatio
Transliteration: placationem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2

suam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: suus
Transliteration: suam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 5783

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 48

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