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Jump to a verse in Psalms 48

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World English Bible

Psalms 48

World English Bible, Verse 4

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⁴ For, behold, the kings assembled themselves, they passed by together.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 48:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 33

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אֱלֹהִ֥ים בְּאַרְמְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ נוֹדַ֥ע לְמִשְׂגָּֽב׃

4 word entries

אֱלֹהִ֥ים

Lemma: 430
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H430
Occurrences: 1993

בְּאַרְמְנוֹתֶ֗יהָ

Lemma: b/759
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H759
Occurrences: 6

נוֹדַ֥ע

Lemma: 3045
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3045
Occurrences: 637

לְמִשְׂגָּֽב

Lemma: l/4869 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H4869
Occurrences: 2

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Τὸ στόμα μου λαλήσει σοφίαν, καὶ ἡ μελέτη τῆς καρδίας μου σύνεσιν.

12 word entries

Τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

στόμα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: στόμα
Transliteration: stoma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: mouth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mouth, opening, or speech.
Occurrences: 384

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

λαλήσει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: λαλήσει
Transliteration: lalesei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 27

σοφίαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σοφία
Transliteration: sophia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: wisdom
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Wisdom, skill, or insight.
Occurrences: 204

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἡ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μελέτη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μελέτη
Transliteration: melete
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

καρδίας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καρδία
Transliteration: kardia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: heart
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heart, inner life, mind, or will.
Occurrences: 867

μου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

σύνεσιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύνεσις
Transliteration: synesin
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: understanding
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Understanding, insight, intelligence.
Occurrences: 62

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܠܗܐ ܒܣܚܪ̈ܬܗ̇ ܡܘܕܥ ܥܘܫܢܗ

4 word entries

ܐܠܗܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܠܗܐ
Transliteration: alaha
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: God
Occurrences: 940

ܒܣܚܪ̈ܬܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܣܚܪܬܗ
Transliteration: bshrth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 2

ܡܘܕܥ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܘܕܥ
Transliteration: mwd'
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5

ܥܘܫܢܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܘܫܢܗ
Transliteration: 'wshnh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 17

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

יְיָ בְּבוּרְנְיָתָהָא אִתְיְדַע לִתְקוֹף׃

4 word entries

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

בְּבוּרְנְיָתָהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בורניתהא
Transliteration: bbwrnyth'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

אִתְיְדַע

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתידע
Transliteration: 'tyd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

לִתְקוֹף׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תקוף
Transliteration: ltqwp
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 200

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Os meum loquetur sapientiam, et meditatio cordis mei prudentiam.

9 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: os
Transliteration: os
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 657

meum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: meum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

loquetur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: loquor
Transliteration: loquetur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1543

sapientiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sapientia
Transliteration: sapientiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 345

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

meditatio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meditatio
Transliteration: meditatio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 13

cordis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cor
Transliteration: cordis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1028

mei

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: meus
Transliteration: mei
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 4586

prudentiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: prudentia
Transliteration: prudentiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 61

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Revelation 19:20

The beast was taken, and with him the false prophet who worked the signs in his sight, with which he deceived those who had received the mark of the beast and those who worshiped his image. These two were thrown alive into the lake of fire that burns with sulfur.

2 relevance votes

Isaiah 7:1

In the days of Ahaz the son of Jotham, the son of Uzziah, king of Judah, Rezin the king of Syria and Pekah the son of Remaliah, king of Israel, went up to Jerusalem to war against it, but could not prevail against it.

2 relevance votes

Isaiah 10:8

For he says, “Aren’t all of my princes kings?

2 relevance votes

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