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World English Bible

Psalms 31

World English Bible, Verse 2

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² Bow down your ear to me. Deliver me speedily. Be to me a strong rock, a house of defense to save me.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 31:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 53

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

בְּךָ֖ יְהוָ֣ה חָ֭סִיתִי אַל־אֵב֣וֹשָׁה לְעוֹלָ֑ם בְּצִדְקָתְךָ֥ פַלְּטֵֽנִי׃

8 word entries

בְּךָ֖

Lemma: b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 1362

יְהוָ֣ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

חָ֭סִיתִי

Lemma: 2620
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2620
Occurrences: 24

אַל

Lemma: 408
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H408
Occurrences: 576

אֵב֣וֹשָׁה

Lemma: 954
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal cohortative 1rd person common gender singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H954
Occurrences: 97

לְעוֹלָ֑ם

Lemma: l/5769
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5769
Occurrences: 177

בְּצִדְקָתְךָ֥

Lemma: b/6666
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6666
Occurrences: 24

פַלְּטֵֽנִי

Lemma: 6403
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperative 2rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6403
Occurrences: 12

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Μακάριος ἀνὴρ ᾧ οὐ μὴ λογίσηται Κύριος ἁμαρτίαν, οὐδέ ἐστιν ἐν τῷ στόματι αὐτοῦ δόλος.

15 word entries

Μακάριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μακάριος
Transliteration: makarios
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 32

ἀνὴρ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀνήρ
Transliteration: aner
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: man, husband
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Man, male, husband.
Occurrences: 1573

ᾧ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὅς
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: relative pronoun, dative masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: to whom, in which
Part of Speech: relative pronoun
Definition: Relative pronoun who, which, that.
Occurrences: 4123

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

μὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μή
Transliteration: me
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not, lest
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
Occurrences: 2979

λογίσηται

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: λογίσηται
Transliteration: logisetai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

ἁμαρτίαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἁμαρτία
Transliteration: hamartia
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: sin
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Sin, error, or wrongdoing.
Occurrences: 450

οὐδέ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: οὐδέ
Transliteration: oyde
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 530

ἐστιν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: estin
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it is
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

στόματι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: στόμα
Transliteration: stoma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: mouth
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mouth, opening, or speech.
Occurrences: 384

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

δόλος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δόλος
Transliteration: dolos
Morphology: nominative masculine singular or genitive neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܒܟ ܡܪܝܐ ܣܒܪܬ ܠܐ ܐܒܗܬ ܠܥܠܡ ܒܙܕܝܩܘܬܟ ܦܠܛܝܢܝ

8 word entries

ܒܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܟ
Transliteration: bk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 53

ܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: maryah
Morphology: divine title, emphatic form
Gloss: Lord
Occurrences: 2917

ܣܒܪܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܒܪܬ
Transliteration: sbrt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 16

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2566

ܐܒܗܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܒܗܬ
Transliteration: 'bht
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 9

ܠܥܠܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܥܠܡ
Transliteration: l'lm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 295

ܒܙܕܝܩܘܬܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܙܕܝܩܘܬܟ
Transliteration: bzdyqwtk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 6

ܦܠܛܝܢܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܠܛܝܢܝ
Transliteration: pltyny
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

בְּמֵימְרָךְ יְיָ סִבְרֵת לָא אֶבְהָת לְעַלְמָא בְּצִדְקָתָךְ שֵׁזֵיב יָתִי׃

9 word entries

בְּמֵימְרָךְ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: bmymrk
Morphology: speech root/form
Gloss: to say, saying
Occurrences: 3728

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

סִבְרֵת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סברת
Transliteration: sbrt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

אֶבְהָת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אבהת
Transliteration: 'bht
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 20

לְעַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: l'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

בְּצִדְקָתָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צדקתך
Transliteration: btsdqtk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 18

שֵׁזֵיב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שזיב
Transliteration: shzyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 23

יָתִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתי
Transliteration: yty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 381

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Beatus vir cui non imputavit Dominus peccatum, nec est in spiritu ejus dolus.

13 word entries

beatus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: beatus
Transliteration: beatus
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 118

vir

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uir
Transliteration: vir
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1641

cui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: cui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

inputabit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: imputo
Transliteration: inputabit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 11

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

peccatum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: peccatum
Transliteration: peccatum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 608

nec

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nec
Transliteration: nec
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 750

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

spiritu

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: spiritus
Transliteration: spiritu
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 709

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

dolus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dolus
Transliteration: dolus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 60

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 31

Source Text Study

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