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Jump to a verse in Psalms 28

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World English Bible

Psalms 28

World English Bible, Verse 3

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³ Don’t draw me away with the wicked, with the workers of iniquity who speak peace with their neighbors, but mischief is in their hearts.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 28:3. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 65

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

אַל־תִּמְשְׁכֵ֣נִי עִם־רְשָׁעִים֮ וְעִם־פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י אָ֥וֶן דֹּבְרֵ֣י שָׁ֭לוֹם עִם־רֵֽעֵיהֶ֑ם וְ֝רָעָ֗ה בִּלְבָבָֽם׃

13 word entries

אַל

Lemma: 408
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H408
Occurrences: 576

תִּמְשְׁכֵ֣נִי

Lemma: 4900
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal jussive 2rd person masculine singular + suffix
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4900
Occurrences: 24

עִם

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

רְשָׁעִים֮

Lemma: 7563
Morphology: Hebrew: adjective
Part of Speech: adjective
Strong's: H7563
Occurrences: 201

וְעִם

Lemma: c/5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 77

פֹּ֪עֲלֵ֫י

Lemma: 6466
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6466
Occurrences: 47

אָ֥וֶן

Lemma: 205
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H205
Occurrences: 71

דֹּבְרֵ֣י

Lemma: 1696
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1696
Occurrences: 702

שָׁ֭לוֹם

Lemma: 7965
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7965
Occurrences: 137

עִם

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

רֵֽעֵיהֶ֑ם

Lemma: 7453
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7453
Occurrences: 129

וְ֝רָעָ֗ה

Lemma: c/7451 c
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H7451
Occurrences: 7

בִּלְבָבָֽם

Lemma: b/3824
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3824
Occurrences: 41

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Φωνὴ Κυρίου ἐπὶ τῶν ὑδάτων, ὁ Θεὸς τῆς δόξης ἐβρόντησε, Κύριος ἐπὶ ὑδάτων πολλῶν.

14 word entries

Φωνὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: φωνή
Transliteration: phone
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: voice, sound
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Voice, sound, or utterance.
Occurrences: 549

Κυρίου

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ὑδάτων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Θεὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: θεός
Transliteration: theos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: God, god
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 3522

τῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δόξης

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δόξα
Transliteration: doxa
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: glory, honor
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Glory, honor, reputation, or splendor.
Occurrences: 402

ἐβρόντησε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐβρόντησε
Transliteration: ebrontese
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

ἐπὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐπί
Transliteration: epi
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, over, against
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of the preposition ἐπί.
Occurrences: 6685

ὑδάτων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὕδωρ
Transliteration: hydor
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: water
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Water.
Occurrences: 629

πολλῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πολύς
Transliteration: pollon
Morphology: adjective, genitive plural
Gloss: of many
Part of Speech: adjective
Definition: Much, many, great, or abundant.
Occurrences: 415

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܠܐ ܬܡܢܝܢܝ ܥܡ ܪ̈ܫܝܥܐ ܘܥܡ ܥܒ̈ܕܝ ܥܘܠܐ ܕܡܡܠܠܝܢ ܫܠܡܐ ܥܡ ܚܒܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܘܒܝܫܬܐ ܒܠܒܗܘܢ

13 word entries

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: L>
Morphology: L>
Occurrences: 0

ܬܡܢܝܢܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: TMNJNJ
Morphology: !T!MNJ[-NJ
Occurrences: 0

ܥܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <M
Morphology: <M
Occurrences: 0

ܪ̈ܫܝܥܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: R"CJ<>
Morphology: RCJ</(J~>
Occurrences: 0

ܘܥܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: W<M
Morphology: W-<M
Occurrences: 0

ܥܒ̈ܕܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <B"DJ
Morphology: <BD[/J
Occurrences: 0

ܥܘܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <WL>
Morphology: <WL=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܡܡܠܠܝܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DMMLLJN
Morphology: D-!M!MLL[/JN:d
Occurrences: 0

ܫܠܡܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CLM>
Morphology: CLM=/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܥܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: <M
Morphology: <M
Occurrences: 0

ܚܒܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: XBR"JHWN
Morphology: XBR/J-HWN
Occurrences: 0

ܘܒܝܫܬܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WBJCT>
Morphology: W-BJC(>/T~>
Occurrences: 0

ܒܠܒܗܘܢ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: BLBHWN
Morphology: B-LB/-HWN
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

לָא תִנְגְדִינַנִי עִם רַשִׁיעַיָא וְעִם עָבְדֵי עַוְלָא דִי מְמַלְלִין שְׁלָמָא עִם חַבְרֵיהוֹן וּבִישְׁתָא בְּלִבְּהוֹן׃

14 word entries

לָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: לא
Transliteration: l'
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 2611

תִנְגְדִינַנִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תנגדינני
Transliteration: tngdynny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

עִם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with
Occurrences: 1754

רַשִׁיעַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רשיעיא
Transliteration: rshy'y'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 166

וְעִם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ועם
Transliteration: w'm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 53

עָבְדֵי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עבד
Transliteration: 'bdy
Morphology: verbal or nominal root עבד
Gloss: made, did, served
Occurrences: 1208

עַוְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עולא
Transliteration: 'wl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 11

דִי

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: די
Transliteration: dy
Morphology: relative/genitive particle
Gloss: of, that, which
Occurrences: 1711

מְמַלְלִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מללין
Transliteration: mmllyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 28

שְׁלָמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שלמא
Transliteration: shlm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 94

עִם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with
Occurrences: 1754

חַבְרֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חבריהון
Transliteration: chbryhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

וּבִישְׁתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בישתא
Transliteration: wbysht'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 27

בְּלִבְּהוֹן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לבהון
Transliteration: blbhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 40

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Vox Domini super aquas; Deus majestatis intonuit: Dominus super aquas multas.

11 word entries

vox

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uox
Transliteration: vox
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 583

Domini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domini
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

aquas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aqua
Transliteration: aquas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 692

Deus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deus
Transliteration: Deus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity
Etymology: Latin noun for God or a god.
Occurrences: 4889

maiestatis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: maiestas
Transliteration: maiestatis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 32

intonuit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: intono
Transliteration: intonuit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

super

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: super
Transliteration: super
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 3146

aquas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aqua
Transliteration: aquas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 692

multas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: multus
Transliteration: multas
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 1032

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 28

Source Text Study

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