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World English Bible

Psalms 28

World English Bible, Verse 2

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² Hear the voice of my petitions, when I cry to you, when I lift up my hands toward your Most Holy Place.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Psalms 28:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 62

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

שְׁמַ֤ע ק֣וֹל תַּ֭חֲנוּנַי בְּשַׁוְּעִ֣י אֵלֶ֑יךָ בְּנָשְׂאִ֥י יָ֝דַ֗י אֶל־דְּבִ֥יר קָדְשֶֽׁךָ׃

10 word entries

שְׁמַ֤ע

Lemma: 8085
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H8085
Occurrences: 784

ק֣וֹל

Lemma: 6963 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6963
Occurrences: 260

תַּ֭חֲנוּנַי

Lemma: 8469
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8469
Occurrences: 15

בְּשַׁוְּעִ֣י

Lemma: b/7768
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb piel infinitive construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7768
Occurrences: 2

אֵלֶ֑יךָ

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

בְּנָשְׂאִ֥י

Lemma: b/5375
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5375
Occurrences: 3

יָ֝דַ֗י

Lemma: 3027
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common both gender dual construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3027
Occurrences: 747

אֶל

Lemma: 413
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H413
Occurrences: 5170

דְּבִ֥יר

Lemma: 1687
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H1687
Occurrences: 3

קָדְשֶֽׁךָ

Lemma: 6944
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6944
Occurrences: 270

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ἐνέγκατε τῷ Κυρίῳ δόξαν ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ· προσκυνήσατε τῷ Κυρίῳ ἐν αὐλῇ ἁγίᾳ αὐτοῦ.

13 word entries

ἐνέγκατε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Ἐνέγκατε
Transliteration: enegkate
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ἐνέγκατε
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 14

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Κυρίῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

δόξαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δόξα
Transliteration: doxa
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: glory, honor
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Glory, honor, reputation, or splendor.
Occurrences: 402

ὀνόματι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄνομα
Transliteration: onoma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: name
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Name.
Occurrences: 908

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

προσκυνήσατε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: προσκυνήσατε
Transliteration: proskynesate
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

τῷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

Κυρίῳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

αὐλῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐλή
Transliteration: aule
Morphology: noun, feminine dative singular
Gloss: court, courtyard
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Court, courtyard, enclosure, or palace court.
Occurrences: 101

ἁγίᾳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἁγίᾳ
Transliteration: agia
Morphology: dative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

αὐτοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܫܡܥ ܩܠܐ ܕܒܥܘܬܝ ܟܕ ܐܓܥܐ ܠܘܬܟ ܘܟܕ ܐܪܝܡ ܐ̈ܝܕܝ ܠܗܝܟܠܟ ܩܕܝܫܐ

11 word entries

ܫܡܥ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: CM<
Morphology: !!CM<[
Occurrences: 0

ܩܠܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QL>
Morphology: QL/~>
Occurrences: 0

ܕܒܥܘܬܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: DB<WTJ
Morphology: D-B<W/T-J
Occurrences: 0

ܟܕ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: KD
Morphology: KD
Occurrences: 0

ܐܓܥܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >G<>
Morphology: !>!G<(J&>[
Occurrences: 0

ܠܘܬܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LWTK
Morphology: LWT-K
Occurrences: 0

ܘܟܕ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: WKD
Morphology: W-KD
Occurrences: 0

ܐܪܝܡ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >RJM
Morphology: ]>]R(W&JM[
Occurrences: 0

ܐ̈ܝܕܝ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: >"JDJ
Morphology: &>JD/J-(J
Occurrences: 0

ܠܗܝܟܠܟ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: LHJKLK
Morphology: L-HJKL/-K
Occurrences: 0

ܩܕܝܫܐ

Confidence: medium Apache-2.0 OpenSSI Syriac parser output
Note: OpenSSI morphology candidate mapped by book/chapter/verse and token position. Review before labeling as hand-verified scholarship.
Transliteration: QDJC>
Morphology: QDJC/~>
Occurrences: 0

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

קַבֵּל בְּקָל בָּעוּתִי בְּמִצַלְיִי לְוָתָךְ כַּד אֶפְרוֹשׁ יְדַי בִּצְלוֹ קֳדָם הֵיכַל קֻדְשָׁךְ׃

12 word entries

קַבֵּל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבל
Transliteration: qbl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 152

בְּקָל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בקל
Transliteration: bql
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 31

בָּעוּתִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עותי
Transliteration: b'wty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 32

בְּמִצַלְיִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מצליי
Transliteration: bmtslyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

לְוָתָךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ותך
Transliteration: lwtk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 68

כַּד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כד
Transliteration: kd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 581

אֶפְרוֹשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אפרוש
Transliteration: 'prwsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

יְדַי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ידי
Transliteration: ydy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 126

בִּצְלוֹ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צלו
Transliteration: btslw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 50

קֳדָם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: קדם
Transliteration: qdm
Morphology: prepositional or nominal form
Gloss: before, in front of, east
Occurrences: 2023

הֵיכַל

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: היכל
Transliteration: hykl
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

קֻדְשָׁךְ׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קדשך
Transliteration: qdshk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Afferte Domino gloriam et honorem; afferte Domino gloriam nomini ejus; adorate Dominum in atrio sancto ejus.

16 word entries

adferte

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: affero
Transliteration: adferte
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 174

Domino

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domino
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

gloriam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gloria
Transliteration: gloriam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 475

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

honorem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: honor
Transliteration: honorem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 102

adferte

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: affero
Transliteration: adferte
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 174

Domino

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Domino
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

gloriam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: gloria
Transliteration: gloriam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 475

nomini

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nomen
Transliteration: nomini
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1130

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

adorate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: adoro
Transliteration: adorate
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 264

Dominum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

atrio

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: atrium
Transliteration: atrio
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 133

sancto

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sanctus
Transliteration: sancto
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 797

eius

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eius
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Psalms 28

Source Text Study

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