13 wild waves of the sea, foaming out their own shame; wandering stars, for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jude 1:13. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
65
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης, ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας· ἀστέρες πλανῆται, οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τετήρηται.
18 word entries
κύματα
ἄγρια
θαλάσσης
ἐπαφρίζοντα
- Lemma
- epafrizonta
- Transliteration
- epafrizonta
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1890
- Occurrences
- 1
τὰς
ἑαυτῶν
αἰσχύνας
ἀστέρες
πλανῆται
οἷς
ὁ
ζόφος
τοῦ
σκότους
εἰς
τὸν
αἰῶνα
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
κύματα ἄγρια θαλάσσης ἐπαφρίζοντα τὰς ἑαυτῶν αἰσχύνας, ἀστέρες πλανῆται οἷς ὁ ζόφος τοῦ σκότους εἰς αἰῶνα τετήρηται.
17 word entries
τὰς
ὁ
τοῦ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܓܠܠܐ ܥܙܝܙܐ ܕܝܡܐ ܕܒܝܕ ܪܘܥܬܗܘܢ ܡܚܘܝܢ ܒܗܬܬܗܘܢ ܟܘܟܒܐ ܡܛܥܝܢܐ ܠܗܠܝܢ ܕܥܡܛܢܐ ܕܚܫܘܟܐ ܠܥܠܡ ܠܗܘܢ ܢܛܝܪ
15 word entries
ܓܠܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܠܠܐ
- Transliteration
- gll'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
ܥܙܝܙܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܙܝܙܐ
- Transliteration
- 'zyz'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܝܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܡܐ
- Transliteration
- dym'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 27
ܕܒܝܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܝܕ
- Transliteration
- dbyd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܪܘܥܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܥܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- rw'thwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܚܘܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܚܘܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mhwyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 4
ܒܗܬܬܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܬܬܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- bhtthwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܟܘܟܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܘܟܒܐ
- Transliteration
- kwkb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 9
ܡܛܥܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܥܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mt'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 5
ܠܗܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- lhlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܕܥܡܛܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܡܛܢܐ
- Transliteration
- d'mtn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܚܫܘܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܫܘܟܐ
- Transliteration
- dhshwk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܠܥܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܠܡ
- Transliteration
- l'lm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 62
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 830
ܢܛܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܛܝܪ
- Transliteration
- ntyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
fluctus feri maris, despumantes suas confusiones, sidera errantia: quibus procella tenebrarum servata est in æternum.
15 word entries
fluctus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- fluctus
- Transliteration
- fluctus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 34
feri
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ferus
- Transliteration
- feri
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 11
maris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mare
- Transliteration
- maris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 490
despumantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- despumo
- Transliteration
- despumantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1
suas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
confusiones
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- confusio
- Transliteration
- confusiones
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 78
sidera
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sidus
- Transliteration
- sidera
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 9
errantia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- erro
- Transliteration
- errantia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 73
quibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
procella
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- procella
- Transliteration
- procella
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 14
tenebrarum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tenebrae
- Transliteration
- tenebrarum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 162
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
aeternum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aeternus
- Transliteration
- aeternum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 306
servata
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- seruo
- Transliteration
- servata
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 128
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
2 Peter 2:17
These are wells without water, clouds driven by a storm, for whom the blackness of darkness has been reserved forever.
9 relevance votesPhilippians 3:19
whose end is destruction, whose god is the belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who think about earthly things.
8 relevance votesIsaiah 57:20
But the wicked are like the troubled sea; for it can’t rest and its waters cast up mire and mud.
7 relevance votesPsalms 65:7
You still the roaring of the seas, the roaring of their waves, and the turmoil of the nations.
4 relevance votes2 Timothy 3:13
But evil men and impostors will grow worse and worse, deceiving and being deceived.
3 relevance votesRevelation 20:10
The devil who deceived them was thrown into the lake of fire and sulfur, where the beast and the false prophet are also. They will be tormented day and night forever and ever.
3 relevance votesRevelation 21:8
But for the cowardly, unbelieving, sinners, abominable, murderers, sexually immoral, sorcerers, idolaters, and all liars, their part is in the lake that burns with fire and sulfur, which is the second death.”
1 relevance votes