Jump to another chapter in Job

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

Jump to a verse in Job 4

All 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

World English Bible

Job 4

World English Bible, Verse 20

Show original chapter

²⁰ Between morning and evening they are destroyed. They perish forever without any regarding it.

View Study Below

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 4:20. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 55

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מִבֹּ֣קֶר לָעֶ֣רֶב יֻכַּ֑תּוּ מִבְּלִ֥י מֵ֝שִׂ֗ים לָנֶ֥צַח יֹאבֵֽדוּ׃

7 word entries

מִבֹּ֣קֶר

Lemma: m/1242
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1242
Occurrences: 1

לָעֶ֣רֶב

Lemma: l/6153
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6153
Occurrences: 5

יֻכַּ֑תּוּ

Lemma: 3807
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hophal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3807
Occurrences: 7

מִבְּלִ֥י

Lemma: m/1097
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1097
Occurrences: 20

מֵ֝שִׂ֗ים

Lemma: 7760 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil participle active
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7760
Occurrences: 271

לָנֶ֥צַח

Lemma: l/5331
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5331
Occurrences: 31

יֹאבֵֽדוּ

Lemma: 6
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6
Occurrences: 103

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

καὶ ἀπὸ πρωΐθεν μέχρι ἑσπέρας οὐκ ἔτι εἰσὶ, παρὰ τὸ μὴ δύνασθαι αὐτοὺς ἑαυτοῖς βοηθῆσαι, ἀπώλοντο.

16 word entries

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἀπὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἀπό
Transliteration: apo
Morphology: preposition with genitive
Gloss: from, away from
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of ἀπό.
Occurrences: 3869

πρωΐθεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πρωΐθεν
Transliteration: proithen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

μέχρι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μέχρι
Transliteration: mechri
Morphology: preposition/conjunction
Gloss: until, as far as
Part of Speech: preposition/conjunction
Definition: Until, up to, as far as.
Occurrences: 40

ἑσπέρας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑσπέρα
Transliteration: hesperas
Morphology: noun, feminine genitive singular or accusative plural
Gloss: evening
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Evening.
Occurrences: 96

οὐκ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

ἔτι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔτι
Transliteration: eti
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: still, yet, again
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: Still, yet, further.
Occurrences: 520

εἰσὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰμί
Transliteration: eisi
Morphology: verb, present active indicative, 3rd plural
Gloss: they are
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 5427

παρὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: παρά
Transliteration: para
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, beside, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided form of παρά.
Occurrences: 776

τὸ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μή
Transliteration: me
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not, lest
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
Occurrences: 2979

δύνασθαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δύνασθαι
Transliteration: dynasthai
Morphology: nominative plural feminine or infinitive/verb form depending on context
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 9

αὐτοὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ἑαυτοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

βοηθῆσαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: βοηθῆσαι
Transliteration: boethesai
Morphology: Greek -σαι form; likely aorist infinitive or middle/passive verb form depending on context
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

ἀπώλοντο

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀπώλοντο
Transliteration: apolonto
Morphology: verb, middle/passive indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they were ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܢ ܨܦܪܐ ܠܪܡܫܐ ܢܬܡܟܟܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܢܬܬܣܝܡܘܢ ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ ܠܥܠܡ ܘܢܐܒܕܘܢ

9 word entries

ܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢ
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 5552

ܨܦܪܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܦܪܐ
Transliteration: spr'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 38

ܠܪܡܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܪܡܫܐ
Transliteration: lrmsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 15

ܢܬܡܟܟܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܬܡܟܟܘܢ
Transliteration: ntmkkwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 9

ܕܠܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܠܐ
Transliteration: dl'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1157

ܢܬܬܣܝܡܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܬܬܣܝܡܘܢ
Transliteration: nttsymwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܥܡܘܪ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܘܪܝܢ
Transliteration: 'mwryn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܠܥܠܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܥܠܡ
Transliteration: l'lm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 295

ܘܢܐܒܕܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܐܒܕܘܢ
Transliteration: wn'bdwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 12

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מִצְפַר לִרְמַשׁ מִשְׁתַּפְפִין מִן דְלֵית מְשַׁוֵי לְהוֹן אַרְכָּא לְעַלְמָא יְהוֹבְדוּן׃

10 word entries

מִצְפַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צפר
Transliteration: mtspr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 30

לִרְמַשׁ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רמש
Transliteration: lrmsh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 7

מִשְׁתַּפְפִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שתפפין
Transliteration: mshtppyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

דְלֵית

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לית
Transliteration: dlyt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 629

מְשַׁוֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שוי
Transliteration: mshwy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 94

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

אַרְכָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארכא
Transliteration: 'rk'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 21

לְעַלְמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עלמא
Transliteration: l'lm'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 549

יְהוֹבְדוּן׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יהובדון
Transliteration: yhwbdwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

De mane usque ad vesperam succidentur; et quia nullus intelligit, in æternum peribunt.

13 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: de
Transliteration: de
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 4779

mane

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mane
Transliteration: mane
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 203

usque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: usque
Transliteration: usque
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1221

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

vesperum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uesper
Transliteration: vesperum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 94

succidentur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: succido
Transliteration: succidentur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 44

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

nullus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nullus
Transliteration: nullus
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 196

intellegit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: intelligo
Transliteration: intellegit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 211

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

aeternum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aeternus
Transliteration: aeternum
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 306

peribunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: pereo
Transliteration: peribunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 250

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Previous Chapter Previous Verse

Chapter 4 of 42 Verse 20 of 21

Next Chapter Next Verse

Job 4

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Job 20:7

Psalms 37:36

Job 14:14

Job 14:2

Job 14:20

Psalms 92:7

Proverbs 10:7

Job 18:17

2 Chronicles 21:20

Job 16:22

2 Chronicles 15:6

Psalms 39:13