41 Who provides for the raven his prey, when his young ones cry to God, and wander for lack of food?
Jump to another chapter in Job
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 38:41. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
69
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
מִ֤י יָכִ֥ין לָעֹרֵ֗ב צֵ֫יד֥וֹ כִּֽי־ילדו אֶל־אֵ֣ל יְשַׁוֵּ֑עוּ יִ֝תְע֗וּ לִבְלִי־אֹֽכֶל׃
13 word entries
יָכִ֥ין
לָעֹרֵ֗ב
צֵ֫יד֥וֹ
כִּֽי
ילדו
יְ֭לָדָיו
אֵ֣ל
יְשַׁוֵּ֑עוּ
יִ֝תְע֗וּ
לִבְלִי
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Τίς δὲ ἡτοίμασε κόρακι βοράν; νεοσσοὶ γὰρ αὐτοῦ πρὸς Κύριον κεκράγασι πλανώμενοι, τὰ σῖτα ζητοῦντες.
15 word entries
Τίς
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- τίς
- Transliteration
- tis
- Morphology
- interrogative/indefinite pronoun
- Gloss
- who, someone
- Part of Speech
- interrogative/indefinite pronoun
- Definition
- Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
- Occurrences
- 1124
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
ἡτοίμασε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἡτοίμασε
- Transliteration
- etoimase
- Morphology
- verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
- Gloss
- he/she ...
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 15
κόρακι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κόρακι
- Transliteration
- koraki
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
βοράν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- βοράν
- Transliteration
- boran
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
νεοσσοὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- νεοσσοὶ
- Transliteration
- neossoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
γὰρ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- γάρ
- Transliteration
- gar
- Morphology
- postpositive explanatory conjunction
- Gloss
- for, because
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Explanatory or causal conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 1390
αὐτοῦ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
πρὸς
- Status
- Machine-aligned lexicon entry
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Aligned to an existing lexicon entry but not manually reviewed for this LXX verse.
- Note
- Machine-aligned to an existing lexicon entry. Verify against the source before treating as hand-curated.
- Lemma
- πρὸς
- Transliteration
- pros
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- with/toward
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- with/toward
- Strong's
- G4314
- Occurrences
- 3989
Κύριον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- κύριος
- Transliteration
- kyrios
- Morphology
- noun, masculine nominative singular
- Gloss
- Lord, master
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
- Occurrences
- 7934
κεκράγασι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- κεκράγασι
- Transliteration
- kekragasi
- Morphology
- dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
πλανώμενοι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πλανώμενοι
- Transliteration
- planomenoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 4
τὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
σῖτα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- σῖτα
- Transliteration
- sita
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 8
ζητοῦντες
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ζητοῦντες
- Transliteration
- zetoyntes
- Morphology
- present active participle, nominative masculine plural contracted pattern
- Gloss
- doing ...
- Part of Speech
- participle
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 24
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܡܢܘ ܝܗܒ ܠܥܘܪܒܐ ܡܐܟܘܠܬܗ ܡܛܠ ܕܒ̈ܢܘܗܝ ܠܘܬ ܐܠܗܐ ܓܥܝܢ ܘܥܝܝܦܝܢ ܡܢ ܒܠܝ ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ
13 word entries
ܘܡܢܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܢܘ
- Transliteration
- wmnw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 39
ܝܗܒ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܝܗܒ
- Transliteration
- yahab
- Morphology
- verb root/form
- Gloss
- gave
- Occurrences
- 147
ܠܥܘܪܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܘܪܒܐ
- Transliteration
- l'wrb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܐܟܘܠܬܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܐܟܘܠܬܗ
- Transliteration
- m'kwlth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2606
ܕܒ̈ܢܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܒܢܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- dbnwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܠܘܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܘܬ
- Transliteration
- lwt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 548
ܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- alaha
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- God
- Occurrences
- 940
ܓܥܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܥܝܢ
- Transliteration
- g'yn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܥܝܝܦܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܥܝܝܦܝܢ
- Transliteration
- w'yypyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 5552
ܒܠܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܠܝ
- Transliteration
- bly
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 43
ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܐܟܘܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- m'kwlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 44
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
מַן יְתַקֵן לְעוּרְבָא מְזוֹנֵיהּ אֲרוּם בְּנוֹי לֶאֱלָהָא יִבְעוּן תַּעֲוָן מִדְלֵית מֵיכְלָא׃
11 word entries
מַן
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- מן
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- preposition
- Gloss
- from, out of, than
- Occurrences
- 2836
יְתַקֵן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יתקן
- Transliteration
- ytqn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 8
לְעוּרְבָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עורבא
- Transliteration
- l'wrb'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 3
מְזוֹנֵיהּ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- זוניה
- Transliteration
- mzwnyh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
אֲרוּם
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארום
- Transliteration
- 'rwm
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 997
בְּנוֹי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- נוי
- Transliteration
- bnwy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 101
לֶאֱלָהָא
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- אלה
- Transliteration
- l'lh'
- Morphology
- prefixed preposition ל + noun masculine singular emphatic
- Gloss
- to/for God
- Occurrences
- 779
יִבְעוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יבעון
- Transliteration
- yb'wn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 29
תַּעֲוָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תעון
- Transliteration
- t'wn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 1
מִדְלֵית
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דלית
- Transliteration
- mdlyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 32
מֵיכְלָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- יכלא
- Transliteration
- mykl'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 25
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Quis præparat corvo escam suam, quando pulli ejus clamant ad Deum, vagantes, eo quod non habeant cibos?]
17 word entries
quis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quis
- Transliteration
- quis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1619
praeparat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praeparo
- Transliteration
- praeparat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 123
corvo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- coruus
- Transliteration
- corvo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 9
escam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- esca
- Transliteration
- escam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 75
suam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
quando
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quando
- Transliteration
- quando
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 289
pulli
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pullus
- Transliteration
- pulli
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 44
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
ad
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ad
- Transliteration
- ad
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 7531
Deum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
clamant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- clamo
- Transliteration
- clamant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 305
vagantes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uagor
- Transliteration
- vagantes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4
eo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eo
- Transliteration
- eo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 698
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quod
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1241
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
habeant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- habeo
- Transliteration
- habeant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1641
cibos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cibus
- Transliteration
- cibos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 139
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Luke 12:24
Consider the ravens: they don’t sow, they don’t reap, they have no warehouse or barn, and God feeds them. How much more valuable are you than birds!
10 relevance votesMatthew 6:26
See the birds of the sky, that they don’t sow, neither do they reap, nor gather into barns. Your heavenly Father feeds them. Aren’t you of much more value than they?
9 relevance votesPsalms 147:9
He provides food for the livestock, and for the young ravens when they call.
9 relevance votes