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World English Bible

Job 38

World English Bible, Verse 37

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³⁷ Who can count the clouds by wisdom? Or who can pour out the containers of the sky,

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 38:37. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 59

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

מִֽי־יְסַפֵּ֣ר שְׁחָקִ֣ים בְּחָכְמָ֑ה וְנִבְלֵ֥י שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם מִ֣י יַשְׁכִּֽיב׃

8 word entries

מִֽי

Lemma: 4310
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4310
Occurrences: 333

יְסַפֵּ֣ר

Lemma: 5608 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb piel imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5608
Occurrences: 62

שְׁחָקִ֣ים

Lemma: 7834
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7834
Occurrences: 13

בְּחָכְמָ֑ה

Lemma: b/2451
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H2451
Occurrences: 21

וְנִבְלֵ֥י

Lemma: c/5035 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine plural construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5035
Occurrences: 4

שָׁ֝מַ֗יִם

Lemma: 8064
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8064
Occurrences: 99

מִ֣י

Lemma: 4310
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4310
Occurrences: 333

יַשְׁכִּֽיב

Lemma: 7901
Morphology: Hebrew: verb hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7901
Occurrences: 106

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Τίς δὲ ὁ ἀριθμῶν νέφη σοφίᾳ, οὐρανὸν δὲ εἰς γῆν ἔκλινε;

11 word entries

Τίς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τίς
Transliteration: tis
Morphology: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Gloss: who, someone
Part of Speech: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Definition: Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences: 1124

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

ὁ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

ἀριθμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀριθμῶν
Transliteration: arithmon
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

νέφη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: νέφη
Transliteration: nephe
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

σοφίᾳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: σοφίᾳ
Transliteration: sophia
Morphology: dative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 35

οὐρανὸν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐρανός
Transliteration: ouranon
Morphology: noun, masculine accusative singular
Gloss: heaven, sky
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Heaven, sky, or heavenly realm.
Strong's: G3772
Occurrences: 474

δὲ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέ
Transliteration: de
Morphology: postpositive conjunction/particle
Gloss: but, and, now
Part of Speech: conjunction/particle
Definition: Postpositive connective conjunction.
Occurrences: 4634

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

γῆν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γῆ
Transliteration: gen
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative singular
Gloss: earth, land
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Earth, ground, or land.
Strong's: G1093
Occurrences: 2962

ἔκλινε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἔκλινε
Transliteration: ekline
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܡܢܘ ܡܢ̣ܐ ܥܢ̈ܢܐ ܒܚܟܡܬܗ ܘܥܡ̈ܘܕܝ ܫܡܝܐ ܡܢܘ ܐܩܝܡ

8 word entries

ܡܢܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܘ
Transliteration: mnw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 227

ܡܢ̣ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܐ
Transliteration: mn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 299

ܥܢ̈ܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܢܢܐ
Transliteration: 'nn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 58

ܒܚܟܡܬܗ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܚܟܡܬܗ
Transliteration: bhkmth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 9

ܘܥܡ̈ܘܕܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܡܘܕܝ
Transliteration: w'mwdy
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

ܫܡܝܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܫܡܝܐ
Transliteration: shmaya
Morphology: noun, plural/emphatic
Gloss: heavens, sky
Occurrences: 200

ܡܢܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܘ
Transliteration: mnw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 227

ܐܩܝܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܩܝܡ
Transliteration: 'qym
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 35

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

מַן יִמְנֵי שִׁבְעָתֵי שְׁמַיָא בְּחוּכְמְתָא וְכִילְוָת שְׁמַיָא מַן יִשְׁרֵי׃ ]ת״‎א[ מַן יִמְנֵי כוֹכְבֵי שְׁמַיָא בְּחוּכְמְתָא וַעֲנָנֵי דִמְתִילִין לְזִיקַיָא דִשְׁמַיָא מַן יַשְׁכִּיב׃

22 word entries

מַן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

יִמְנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ימני
Transliteration: ymny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

שִׁבְעָתֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שבעתי
Transliteration: shb'ty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

שְׁמַיָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: שמיא
Transliteration: shmy'
Morphology: noun masculine plural emphatic
Gloss: heavens, sky
Occurrences: 368

בְּחוּכְמְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חוכמתא
Transliteration: bchwkmt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 71

וְכִילְוָת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כילות
Transliteration: wkylwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

שְׁמַיָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: שמיא
Transliteration: shmy'
Morphology: noun masculine plural emphatic
Gloss: heavens, sky
Occurrences: 368

מַן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

יִשְׁרֵי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישרי
Transliteration: yshry
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 32

ת״

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ת״
Transliteration: t״
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 49

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: א
Transliteration: '
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 468

מַן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

יִמְנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ימני
Transliteration: ymny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 6

כוֹכְבֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: וכבי
Transliteration: kwkby
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 5

שְׁמַיָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: שמיא
Transliteration: shmy'
Morphology: noun masculine plural emphatic
Gloss: heavens, sky
Occurrences: 368

בְּחוּכְמְתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חוכמתא
Transliteration: bchwkmt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 71

וַעֲנָנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ענני
Transliteration: w'nny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 28

דִמְתִילִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מתילין
Transliteration: dmtylyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 25

לְזִיקַיָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זיקיא
Transliteration: lzyqy'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

דִשְׁמַיָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: שמיא
Transliteration: dshmy'
Morphology: prefixed relative/genitive ד + noun masculine plural emphatic
Gloss: of/that heavens, sky
Occurrences: 368

מַן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

יַשְׁכִּיב׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ישכיב
Transliteration: yshkyb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Quis enarrabit cælorum rationem? et concentum cæli quis dormire faciet?

10 word entries

quis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quis
Transliteration: quis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1619

enarravit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: enarro
Transliteration: enarravit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 33

caelorum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: caelum
Transliteration: caelorum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: heaven
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: heaven, sky
Etymology: Latin noun for heaven or sky; often normalized as caelum.
Occurrences: 740

rationem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ratio
Transliteration: rationem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 43

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

concentum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: concentus
Transliteration: concentum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1

caeli

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: caelum
Transliteration: caeli
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: heaven
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: heaven, sky
Etymology: Latin noun for heaven or sky; often normalized as caelum.
Occurrences: 740

quis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quis
Transliteration: quis
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1619

dormire

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dormio
Transliteration: dormire
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 231

faciet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: faciet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Job 38

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

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