16 “If I have withheld the poor from their desire, or have caused the eyes of the widow to fail,
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 31:16. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
48
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
אִם־אֶ֭מְנַע מֵחֵ֣פֶץ דַּלִּ֑ים וְעֵינֵ֖י אַלְמָנָ֣ה אֲכַלֶּֽה׃
7 word entries
אֶ֭מְנַע
מֵחֵ֣פֶץ
וְעֵינֵ֖י
אַלְמָנָ֣ה
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Ἀδύνατοι δὲ χρείαν ἥν ποτε εἶχον οὐκ ἀπέτυχον, χήρας δὲ τὸν ὀφθαλμὸν οὐκ ἐξέτηξα·
14 word entries
Ἀδύνατοι
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἀδύνατοι
- Transliteration
- adynatoi
- Morphology
- nominative plural masculine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
χρείαν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- χρείαν
- Transliteration
- chreian
- Morphology
- aorist 3rd plural verb pattern or accusative feminine noun pattern depending on context
- Gloss
- they ... / ...
- Part of Speech
- verb/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 16
ἥν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- ἥν
- Transliteration
- en
- Morphology
- accusative singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
ποτε
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ποτε
- Transliteration
- pote
- Morphology
- enclitic temporal particle/adverb
- Gloss
- once, ever, at some time
- Part of Speech
- particle/adverb
- Definition
- Indefinite temporal particle meaning once, ever, or at some time.
- Occurrences
- 64
εἶχον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- εἶχον
- Transliteration
- echon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 14
οὐκ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὐ
- Transliteration
- ou
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Negative particle before rough breathing.
- Occurrences
- 5892
ἀπέτυχον
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀπέτυχον
- Transliteration
- apetychon
- Morphology
- accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
χήρας
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- χήρας
- Transliteration
- cheras
- Morphology
- accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 20
δὲ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- δέ
- Transliteration
- de
- Morphology
- postpositive conjunction/particle
- Gloss
- but, and, now
- Part of Speech
- conjunction/particle
- Definition
- Postpositive connective conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 4634
τὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ὁ
- Transliteration
- ho
- Morphology
- definite article, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- the
- Part of Speech
- article
- Definition
- Greek definite article.
- Strong's
- G3588
- Occurrences
- 80473
ὀφθαλμὸν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- Ὀφθαλμὸν
- Transliteration
- ophthalmon
- Morphology
- proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
- Gloss
- Ὀφθαλμὸν
- Part of Speech
- proper noun
- Definition
- Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 16
οὐκ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- οὐ
- Transliteration
- ou
- Morphology
- negative particle
- Gloss
- not
- Part of Speech
- particle
- Definition
- Negative particle before rough breathing.
- Occurrences
- 5892
ἐξέτηξα
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἐξέτηξα
- Transliteration
- exetexa
- Morphology
- nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
- Gloss
- ...
- Part of Speech
- noun/adjective form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܢ ܟܠܝܬ ܠܡܣܟܢܐ ܡܕܡ ܕܨܒܐ ܘܐܢ ܐܚܫܟܬ ܠܥܝ̈ܢܐ ܕܐܪܡܠܬܐ
9 word entries
ܐܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢ
- Transliteration
- 'n
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 471
ܟܠܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܠܝܬ
- Transliteration
- klyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 10
ܠܡܣܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܣܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- lmskn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 40
ܡܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܕܡ
- Transliteration
- mdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 406
ܕܨܒܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܨܒܐ
- Transliteration
- dsb'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 59
ܘܐܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܢ
- Transliteration
- w'n
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 263
ܐܚܫܟܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܚܫܟܬ
- Transliteration
- 'hshkt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܥܝ̈ܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- l'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܕܐܪܡܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܪܡܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- d'rmlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
אִין אִתְמְנַע מִלְשַׁלָמָא צַבְאוּת מִסְכֵּינָא וְעֵינֵי אַרְמַלְתָּא אֲשֵׁיצֵי׃
8 word entries
אִין
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אין
- Transliteration
- 'yn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 255
אִתְמְנַע
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אתמנע
- Transliteration
- 'tmn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 16
מִלְשַׁלָמָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- לשלמא
- Transliteration
- mlshlm'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 3
צַבְאוּת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צבאות
- Transliteration
- tsb'wt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 284
מִסְכֵּינָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- סכינא
- Transliteration
- mskyn'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 15
וְעֵינֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עיני
- Transliteration
- w'yny
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 157
אַרְמַלְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- ארמלתא
- Transliteration
- 'rmlt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 17
אֲשֵׁיצֵי׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אשיצי
- Transliteration
- 'shytsy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 37
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Si negavi quod volebant pauperibus, et oculos viduæ expectare feci;
10 word entries
si
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- si
- Transliteration
- si
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1970
negavi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nego
- Transliteration
- negavi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 56
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 15011
volebant
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uolo
- Transliteration
- volebant
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 538
pauperibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pauper
- Transliteration
- pauperibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 231
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
oculos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- oculus
- Transliteration
- oculos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 682
viduae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uidua
- Transliteration
- viduae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 86
expectare
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exspecto
- Transliteration
- expectare
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 123
feci
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- facio
- Transliteration
- feci
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 4719
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 38:14
I chattered like a swallow or a crane. I moaned like a dove. My eyes weaken looking upward. Lord, I am oppressed. Be my security.”
3 relevance votesPsalms 69:3
I am weary with my crying. My throat is dry. My eyes fail looking for my God.
2 relevance votesJob 5:16
So the poor has hope, and injustice shuts her mouth.
2 relevance votesLuke 16:21
and desiring to be fed with the crumbs that fell from the rich man’s table. Yes, even the dogs came and licked his sores.
2 relevance votesPsalms 112:9
He has dispersed, he has given to the poor. His righteousness endures forever. His horn will be exalted with honor.
2 relevance votesPsalms 119:82
My eyes fail for your word. I say, “When will you comfort me?”
2 relevance votesJob 20:19
For he has oppressed and forsaken the poor. He has violently taken away a house, and he will not build it up.
2 relevance votesActs 11:29
As any of the disciples had plenty, each determined to send relief to the brothers who lived in Judea;
2 relevance votesLamentations 4:17
Our eyes still fail, looking in vain for our help. In our watching we have watched for a nation that could not save.
2 relevance votesDeuteronomy 28:32
Your sons and your daughters will be given to another people. Your eyes will look and fail with longing for them all day long. There will be no power in your hand.
2 relevance votesPsalms 119:123
My eyes fail looking for your salvation, for your righteous word.
2 relevance votesGalatians 2:10
They only asked us to remember the poor—which very thing I was also zealous to do.
2 relevance votes