23 He increases the nations, and he destroys them. He enlarges the nations, and he leads them captive.
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 12:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
46
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
מַשְׂגִּ֣יא לַ֭גּוֹיִם וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑ם שֹׁטֵ֥חַ לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם וַיַּנְחֵֽם׃
6 word entries
מַשְׂגִּ֣יא
לַ֭גּוֹיִם
וַֽיְאַבְּדֵ֑ם
שֹׁטֵ֥חַ
לַ֝גּוֹיִ֗ם
Greek Brenton Septuagint
Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported
Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.
Πλανῶν ἔθνη καὶ ἀπολλύων αὐτὰ, καταστρωννύων ἔθνη καὶ καθοδηγῶν αὐτά.
10 word entries
Πλανῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium
- Confidence note
- Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
- Lemma
- πλανῶν
- Transliteration
- planon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 3
ἔθνη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἔθνος
- Transliteration
- ethnos
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- nation, people
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Nation, people, Gentile group, or ethnic body.
- Occurrences
- 917
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
ἀπολλύων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- ἀπολλύων
- Transliteration
- apollyon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 2
αὐτὰ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
καταστρωννύων
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- καταστρωννύων
- Transliteration
- katastronnyon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
ἔθνη
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- ἔθνος
- Transliteration
- ethnos
- Morphology
- noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
- Gloss
- nation, people
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- Nation, people, Gentile group, or ethnic body.
- Occurrences
- 917
καὶ
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- καί
- Transliteration
- kai
- Morphology
- coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and, also, even
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- Coordinating conjunction.
- Strong's
- G2532
- Occurrences
- 56730
καθοδηγῶν
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- low
- Confidence note
- Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
- Lemma
- καθοδηγῶν
- Transliteration
- kathodegon
- Morphology
- Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
- Gloss
- of ... / being ...
- Part of Speech
- participle/noun form
- Definition
- Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
- Occurrences
- 1
αὐτά
- Status
- Rule-aligned morphology
- Confidence
- medium high
- Confidence note
- Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
- Lemma
- αὐτός
- Transliteration
- autos
- Morphology
- pronoun, nominative masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, himself
- Part of Speech
- pronoun
- Definition
- Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
- Occurrences
- 26672
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܛܥܐ ܠܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܘܡܒܕܪ ܠܗܘܢ ܫ̇ܛܚ ܠܥܡ̈ܡܐ ܘܡܘܒܕ ܠܗܘܢ ܫ̇ܛܚ ܠܐ̈ܡܘܬܐ ܘܫ̇ܒܩ ܠܗܝܢ
12 word entries
ܡܛܥܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܥܐ
- Transliteration
- mt''
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 4
ܠܥܡ̈ܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܡܡܐ
- Transliteration
- l'mm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 54
ܘܡܒܕܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܒܕܪ
- Transliteration
- wmbdr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1134
ܫ̇ܛܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܛܚ
- Transliteration
- shth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܥܡ̈ܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܥܡܡܐ
- Transliteration
- l'mm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 54
ܘܡܘܒܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܘܒܕ
- Transliteration
- wmwbd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 6
ܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- lhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1134
ܫ̇ܛܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܛܚ
- Transliteration
- shth
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܐ̈ܡܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܡܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- l'mwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܘܫ̇ܒܩ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܫܒܩ
- Transliteration
- wshbq
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 35
ܠܗܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܝܢ
- Transliteration
- lhyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 65
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
מַפִּישׁ לְעַמְמַיָא וּמְאַבְּדִנוּן מַשְׁטח מְצוּדְתָּא לְאוּמַיָא וְדַבְּרִנוּן׃
7 word entries
מַפִּישׁ
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פיש
- Transliteration
- mpysh
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 1
לְעַמְמַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- עממיא
- Transliteration
- l'mmy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 635
וּמְאַבְּדִנוּן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- מאבדנון
- Transliteration
- wm'bdnwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
מַשְׁטח
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- שטח
- Transliteration
- mshtch
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 7
מְצוּדְתָּא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- צודתא
- Transliteration
- mtswdt'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 5
לְאוּמַיָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- אומיא
- Transliteration
- l'wmy'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 38
וְדַבְּרִנוּן׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דברנון
- Transliteration
- wdbrnwn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Qui multiplicat gentes, et perdit eas, et subversas in integrum restituit.
11 word entries
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
multiplicat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- multiplico
- Transliteration
- multiplicat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 160
gentes
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- gens
- Transliteration
- gentes
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 873
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
perdet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- perdo
- Transliteration
- perdet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 136
eas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
subversas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- subuerto
- Transliteration
- subversas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 84
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
integrum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- integer
- Transliteration
- integrum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 15
restituet
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- restituo
- Transliteration
- restituet
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 65
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 9:3
You have multiplied the nation. You have increased their joy. They rejoice before you according to the joy in harvest, as men rejoice when they divide the plunder.
7 relevance votesIsaiah 26:15
You have increased the nation, O Yahweh. You have increased the nation! You are glorified! You have enlarged all the borders of the land.
6 relevance votesIsaiah 60:22
The little one will become a thousand, and the small one a strong nation. I, Yahweh, will do this quickly in its time.”
4 relevance votesPsalms 107:38
He blesses them also, so that they are multiplied greatly. He doesn’t allow their livestock to decrease.
3 relevance votesJeremiah 33:22
As the army of the sky can’t be counted, and the sand of the sea can’t be measured, so I will multiply the offspring of David my servant and the Levites who minister to me.’”
2 relevance votesExodus 1:20
God dealt well with the midwives, and the people multiplied, and grew very mighty.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 51:2
Look to Abraham your father, and to Sarah who bore you; for when he was but one I called him, I blessed him, and made him many.
2 relevance votesExodus 1:7
The children of Israel were fruitful, and increased abundantly, and multiplied, and grew exceedingly mighty; and the land was filled with them.
2 relevance votesIsaiah 27:6
In days to come, Jacob will take root. Israel will blossom and bud. They will fill the surface of the world with fruit.
2 relevance votesJeremiah 30:19
Thanksgiving will proceed out of them with the voice of those who make merry. I will multiply them, and they will not be few; I will also glorify them, and they will not be small.
2 relevance votesZechariah 10:8
I will signal for them and gather them, for I have redeemed them. They will increase as they were before.
2 relevance votes