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World English Bible

Job 12

World English Bible, Verse 14

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¹⁴ Behold, he breaks down, and it can’t be built again. He imprisons a man, and there can be no release.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Job 12:14. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 54

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

הֵ֣ן יַ֭הֲרוֹס וְלֹ֣א יִבָּנֶ֑ה יִסְגֹּ֥ר עַל־אִ֝֗ישׁ וְלֹ֣א יִפָּתֵֽחַ׃

9 word entries

הֵ֣ן

Lemma: 2005
Morphology: Hebrew: particle
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H2005
Occurrences: 301

יַ֭הֲרוֹס

Lemma: 2040
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H2040
Occurrences: 28

וְלֹ֣א

Lemma: c/3808
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 1593

יִבָּנֶ֑ה

Lemma: 1129
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H1129
Occurrences: 171

יִסְגֹּ֥ר

Lemma: 5462
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H5462
Occurrences: 53

עַל

Lemma: 5921 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5921
Occurrences: 4903

אִ֝֗ישׁ

Lemma: 376
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H376
Occurrences: 1458

וְלֹ֣א

Lemma: c/3808
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + particle
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3808
Occurrences: 1593

יִפָּתֵֽחַ

Lemma: 6605 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6605
Occurrences: 96

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Ἐὰν καταβάλῃ, τίς οἰκοδομήσει; ἐὰν κλείσῃ κατʼ ἀνθρώπων, τίς ἀνοίξει;

10 word entries

Ἐὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐάν
Transliteration: ean
Morphology: conditional particle
Gloss: if, whenever
Part of Speech: conditional particle
Definition: Conditional particle, often with subjunctive.
Occurrences: 1253

καταβάλῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: καταβάλῃ
Transliteration: katabale
Morphology: subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

τίς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τίς
Transliteration: tis
Morphology: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Gloss: who, someone
Part of Speech: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Definition: Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences: 1124

οἰκοδομήσει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: οἰκοδομήσει
Transliteration: oikodomesei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 16

ἐὰν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐάν
Transliteration: ean
Morphology: conditional particle
Gloss: if, whenever
Part of Speech: conditional particle
Definition: Conditional particle, often with subjunctive.
Occurrences: 1253

κλείσῃ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: κλείσῃ
Transliteration: kleise
Morphology: subjunctive/dative singular pattern depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

κατʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κατά
Transliteration: kat
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: according to, against, down
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of κατά.
Occurrences: 1973

ἀνθρώπων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἄνθρωπος
Transliteration: anthropos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: human, man
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Human being, person, man.
Occurrences: 1305

τίς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: τίς
Transliteration: tis
Morphology: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Gloss: who, someone
Part of Speech: interrogative/indefinite pronoun
Definition: Interrogative or indefinite pronoun depending on accent/context.
Occurrences: 1124

ἀνοίξει

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀνοίξει
Transliteration: anoixei
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܗܐ ܐܢ ܣ̇ܚܦ ܡܢܘ ܒ̇ܢܐ ܘܐܢ ܐܚ̇ܕ ܒܐ̈ܦܝ ܐܢܫ ܡܢܘ ܦ̇ܬܚ

11 word entries

ܗܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܐ
Transliteration: h'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 591

ܐܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢ
Transliteration: 'n
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 471

ܣ̇ܚܦ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܣܚܦ
Transliteration: shp
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 7

ܡܢܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܘ
Transliteration: mnw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 227

ܒ̇ܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܢܐ
Transliteration: bn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 30

ܘܐܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܢ
Transliteration: w'n
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 263

ܐܚ̇ܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܚܕ
Transliteration: 'hd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 16

ܒܐ̈ܦܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܐܦܝ
Transliteration: b'py
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 14

ܐܢܫ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܫ
Transliteration: 'nsh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 251

ܡܢܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܢܘ
Transliteration: mnw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 227

ܦ̇ܬܚ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܦܬܚ
Transliteration: pth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 38

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הָא יִצְדֵי וְלָא יִתְבְּנֵי יִסְגוֹר עַל גְבַר בִּקְבוּרְתָּא וְלָא יִתְפְּתַח׃

10 word entries

הָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הא
Transliteration: h'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 704

יִצְדֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יצדי
Transliteration: ytsdy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 3

וְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ולא
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1587

יִתְבְּנֵי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתבני
Transliteration: ytbny
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

יִסְגוֹר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יסגור
Transliteration: ysgwr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

גְבַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גבר
Transliteration: gbr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 627

בִּקְבוּרְתָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קבורתא
Transliteration: bqbwrt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 34

וְלָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ולא
Transliteration: wl'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1587

יִתְפְּתַח׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתפתח
Transliteration: ytptch
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 4

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Si destruxerit, nemo est qui ædificet; si incluserit hominem, nullus est qui aperiat.

14 word entries

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: si
Transliteration: si
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1970

destruxerit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: destruo
Transliteration: destruxerit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 117

nemo

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nemo
Transliteration: nemo
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 205

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

aedificet

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aedifico
Transliteration: aedificet
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 449

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: si
Transliteration: si
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 1970

incluserit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: includo
Transliteration: incluserit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 14

hominem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: homo
Transliteration: hominem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1653

nullus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: nullus
Transliteration: nullus
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 196

est

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: est
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

aperiat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: aperio
Transliteration: aperiat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 283

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Revelation 3:7

“To the angel of the assembly in Philadelphia write: “He who is holy, he who is true, he who has the key of David, he who opens and no one can shut, and who shuts and no one opens, says these things:

8 relevance votes

Isaiah 22:22

I will lay the key of David’s house on his shoulder. He will open, and no one will shut. He will shut, and no one will open.

8 relevance votes

Job 11:10

If he passes by, or confines, or convenes a court, then who can oppose him?

4 relevance votes

Malachi 1:4

Whereas Edom says, “We are beaten down, but we will return and build the waste places,” Yahweh of Armies says, “They shall build, but I will throw down; and men will call them ‘The Wicked Land,’ even the people against whom Yahweh shows wrath forever.”

4 relevance votes

1 Samuel 26:8

Then Abishai said to David, “God has delivered up your enemy into your hand today. Now therefore please let me strike him with the spear to the earth at one stroke, and I will not strike him the second time.”

3 relevance votes

Job 19:10

He has broken me down on every side, and I am gone. He has plucked my hope up like a tree.

3 relevance votes

1 Samuel 17:46

Today, Yahweh will deliver you into my hand. I will strike you and take your head from off you. I will give the dead bodies of the army of the Philistines today to the birds of the sky and to the wild animals of the earth, that all the earth may know that there is a God in Israel,

3 relevance votes

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Job 12

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Revelation 3:7

Isaiah 22:22

Job 11:10

Malachi 1:4

1 Samuel 26:8

Job 19:10

1 Samuel 17:46

Jeremiah 51:58

Job 16:11

Job 37:7

Isaiah 14:23

Isaiah 25:2