23 Dedan, Tema, Buz, and all who have the corners of their beard cut off;
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Jeremiah 25:23. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
5
Word Entries
38
Editorial Notes
1
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Westminster Leningrad Codex
Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain
Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible
Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.
וְאֶת־דְּדָ֤ן וְאֶת־תֵּימָא֙ וְאֶת־בּ֔וּז וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־קְצוּצֵ֥י פֵאָֽה׃
10 word entries
וְאֶת
וְאֶת
וְאֶת
וְאֵ֖ת
כָּל
קְצוּצֵ֥י
Syriac Peshitta Old Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܠܕܪܢ ܘܠܬܝܡܢܐ ܘܠܒܘܙ ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ ܩܨܝ̈ܨܝ ܦܐܬܐ
6 word entries
ܘܠܕܪܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܕܪܢ
- Transliteration
- wldrn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܠܬܝܡܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܬܝܡܢܐ
- Transliteration
- wltymn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
ܘܠܒܘܙ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܒܘܙ
- Transliteration
- wlbwz
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܟܠܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- wlklhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 83
ܩܨܝ̈ܨܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܨܝܨܝ
- Transliteration
- qsysy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܦܐܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܐܬܐ
- Transliteration
- p't'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 3
Targumim on Prophets and Writings
Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain
Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.
Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.
יַת דְדָן וְיַת תֵּימָא וְיַת בּוּז כָּל מַקְפֵי פָאתָא׃
9 word entries
יַת
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- ית
- Transliteration
- yt
- Morphology
- accusative/direct object marker
- Gloss
- direct object marker
- Occurrences
- 4303
דְדָן
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- דדן
- Transliteration
- ddn
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 12
וְיַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וית
- Transliteration
- wyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1320
תֵּימָא
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- תימא
- Transliteration
- tym'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 3
וְיַת
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- וית
- Transliteration
- wyt
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1320
בּוּז
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- בוז
- Transliteration
- bwz
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic source token
- Occurrences
- 5
כָּל
- Confidence
- medium aramaic rule-aligned
- Note
- Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
- Lemma
- כל
- Transliteration
- kl
- Morphology
- collective noun/adjective
- Gloss
- all, every
- Occurrences
- 2135
מַקְפֵי
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- קפי
- Transliteration
- mqpy
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
- Occurrences
- 3
פָאתָא׃
- Status
- Preliminary machine alignment
- Confidence
- low aramaic preliminary
- Note
- Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
- Lemma
- פאתא
- Transliteration
- p't'
- Morphology
- preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
et Dedan, et Thema, et Buz, et universis qui attonsi sunt in comam:
13 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Dedan
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Deda
- Transliteration
- Dedan
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 3
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Theman
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Theman
- Transliteration
- Theman
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 10
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
Buz
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Bubal
- Transliteration
- Buz
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 3
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
universis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uniuersus
- Transliteration
- universis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 889
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
adtonsi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- attondeo
- Transliteration
- adtonsi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 6
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
comam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- coma
- Transliteration
- comam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 10
Spirit Nation Greek LXX Alignment Note
English · Greek Septuagint Structure · Spirit Nation Editorial Note
Coverage: Source-structure exceptions
Explains reader references where the imported tradition does not align one-to-one.
Editorial alignment note: The Greek Septuagint tradition often follows different ordering, grouping, or book structure here. Reader-side public-domain text for this reference: "Dedan, and Tema, and Buz, and all that are in the utmost corners," This panel is a study bridge only, not a replacement for an ancient source witness.
Source verse imported. Word-by-word lemma, morphology, gloss, and lexicon entries have not been attached for this language/source yet.
These notes explain relevant source panels that are not shown for this verse because of source coverage, licensing, alternate traditions, or versification structure.
-
Greek LXX
alternate structure
Greek Jeremiah follows a shorter and differently ordered Septuagint tradition, so some Hebrew/English verse numbers do not have a one-to-one Greek panel.
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Jeremiah 9:26
Egypt, Judah, Edom, the children of Ammon, Moab, and all who have the corners of their hair cut off, who dwell in the wilderness, for all the nations are uncircumcised, and all the house of Israel are uncircumcised in heart.”
5 relevance votesJeremiah 49:8
Flee! Turn back! Dwell in the depths, inhabitants of Dedan; for I will bring the calamity of Esau on him when I visit him.
4 relevance votesJeremiah 49:32
Their camels will be a booty, and the multitude of their livestock a plunder. I will scatter to all winds those who have the corners of their beards cut off; and I will bring their calamity from every side of them,” says Yahweh.
4 relevance votesGenesis 22:21
Uz his firstborn, Buz his brother, Kemuel the father of Aram,
3 relevance votesJob 6:19
The caravans of Tema looked. The companies of Sheba waited for them.
3 relevance votesEzekiel 27:20
“‘“Dedan was your merchant in precious saddle blankets for riding.
2 relevance votesGenesis 10:7
The sons of Cush were: Seba, Havilah, Sabtah, Raamah, and Sabteca. The sons of Raamah were: Sheba and Dedan.
2 relevance votesGenesis 25:15
Hadad, Tema, Jetur, Naphish, and Kedemah.
2 relevance votesEzekiel 25:13
therefore the Lord Yahweh says, “I will stretch out my hand on Edom, and will cut off man and animal from it; and I will make it desolate from Teman. They will fall by the sword even to Dedan.
2 relevance votes1 Chronicles 1:30
Mishma, Dumah, Massa, Hadad, Tema,
2 relevance votes
Chapter 25 · 25 of 52 available
Verse 23 of 38