19 Again, do you think that we are excusing ourselves to you? In the sight of God we speak in Christ. But all things, beloved, are for your edifying.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 2 Corinthians 12:19. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
72
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Πάλιν δοκεῖτε ὅτι ὑμῖν ἀπολογούμεθα; Κατενώπιον τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ λαλοῦμεν· τὰ δὲ πάντα, ἀγαπητοί, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκοδομῆς.
19 word entries
Πάλιν
δοκεῖτε
ὅτι
ὑμῖν
ἀπολογούμεθα
- Lemma
- apologoumeqa
- Transliteration
- apologoumeqa
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G626
- Occurrences
- 1
Κατενώπιον
- Lemma
- katenwpion
- Transliteration
- katenwpion
- Morphology
- Greek: preposition
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Strong's
- G2714
- Occurrences
- 5
τοῦ
Θεοῦ
ἐν
Χριστῷ
λαλοῦμεν
τὰ
δὲ
πάντα
ἀγαπητοί
ὑπὲρ
τῆς
ὑμῶν
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Πάλαι δοκεῖτε ὅτι ὑμῖν ἀπολογούμεθα; κατέναντι θεοῦ ἐν Χριστῷ λαλοῦμεν· τὰ δὲ πάντα, ἀγαπητοί, ὑπὲρ τῆς ὑμῶν οἰκοδομῆς.
18 word entries
ἀπολογούμεθα;
- Lemma
- ἀπολογέομαι
- Morphology
- V-PNI-1P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G0626
- Occurrences
- 10
θεοῦ
ἐν
τὰ
τῆς
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܠܡܐ ܬܘܒ ܣܒܪܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ܕܠܟܘܢ ܢܦܩܝܢܢ ܪܘܚܐ ܩܕܡ ܐܠܗܐ ܒܡܫܝܚܐ ܡܡܠܠܝܢܢ ܘܟܠܗܝܢ ܚܒܝܒܝ ܡܛܠ ܒܢܝܢܐ ܗܘ ܕܝܠܟܘܢ
17 word entries
ܠܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܐ
- Transliteration
- lm'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 59
ܬܘܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܘܒ
- Transliteration
- twb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 138
ܣܒܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܒܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- sbryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 18
ܐܢܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- 'ntwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 780
ܕܠܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dlkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܢܦܩܝܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܩܝܢܢ
- Transliteration
- npqynn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܪܘܚܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܪܘܚܐ
- Transliteration
- ruha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- spirit, wind
- Occurrences
- 199
ܩܕܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܩܕܡ
- Transliteration
- qdm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 192
ܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- alaha
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- God
- Occurrences
- 497
ܒܡܫܝܚܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܡܫܝܚܐ
- Transliteration
- bmshyh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 40
ܡܡܠܠܝܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܡܠܠܝܢܢ
- Transliteration
- mmllynn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 9
ܘܟܠܗܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܟܠܗܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wklhyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 4
ܚܒܝܒܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܒܝܒܝ
- Transliteration
- hbyby
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 25
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 632
ܒܢܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܢܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- bnyn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 8
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܕܝܠܟܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܠܟܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dylkwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 34
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Olim putatis quod excusemus nos apud vos? coram Deo in Christo loquimur: omnia autem, carissimi, propter ædificationem vestram.
18 word entries
olim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- olim
- Transliteration
- olim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 14
putatis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- puto
- Transliteration
- putatis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 103
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quod
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1241
excusemus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- excuso
- Transliteration
- excusemus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 7
nos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nos
- Transliteration
- nos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1585
apud
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- apud
- Transliteration
- apud
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 300
vos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uos
- Transliteration
- vos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2958
coram
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- coram
- Transliteration
- coram
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 710
Deo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
Christo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Christus
- Transliteration
- Christo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 541
loquimur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- loquor
- Transliteration
- loquimur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1543
omnia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
carissimi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- carus
- Transliteration
- carissimi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 47
propter
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- propter
- Transliteration
- propter
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 688
vestram
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uester
- Transliteration
- vestram
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1504
aedificationem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aedificatio
- Transliteration
- aedificationem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 23
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Romans 9:1
I tell the truth in Christ. I am not lying, my conscience testifying with me in the Holy Spirit
8 relevance votes2 Corinthians 10:8
For even if I boast somewhat abundantly concerning our authority, which the Lord gave for building you up and not for casting you down, I will not be ashamed,
4 relevance votes1 Corinthians 14:26
What is it then, brothers? When you come together, each one of you has a psalm, has a teaching, has a revelation, has another language, or has an interpretation. Let all things be done to build each other up.
4 relevance votes1 Corinthians 10:14
Therefore, my beloved, flee from idolatry.
3 relevance votes2 Corinthians 11:31
The God and Father of the Lord Jesus Christ, he who is blessed forever more, knows that I don’t lie.
2 relevance votes1 Corinthians 10:33
even as I also please all men in all things, not seeking my own profit, but the profit of the many, that they may be saved.
2 relevance votes2 Corinthians 12:15
I will most gladly spend and be spent for your souls. If I love you more abundantly, am I loved the less?
2 relevance votes2 Corinthians 3:1
Are we beginning again to commend ourselves? Or do we need, as do some, letters of commendation to you or from you?
2 relevance votes2 Corinthians 7:1
Having therefore these promises, beloved, let’s cleanse ourselves from all defilement of flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.
2 relevance votesRomans 12:19
Don’t seek revenge yourselves, beloved, but give place to God’s wrath. For it is written, “Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord.”
2 relevance votes2 Corinthians 13:10
For this cause I write these things while absent, that I may not deal sharply when present, according to the authority which the Lord gave me for building up and not for tearing down.
2 relevance votes2 Corinthians 11:10
As the truth of Christ is in me, no one will stop me from this boasting in the regions of Achaia.
2 relevance votes