8 and, “a stumbling stone and a rock of offense.” For they stumble at the word, being disobedient, to which also they were appointed.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 Peter 2:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
52
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
καί, Λίθος προσκόμματος καὶ πέτρα σκανδάλου· οἳ προσκόπτουσι τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες· εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν.
15 word entries
καί
Λίθος
προσκόμματος
- Lemma
- proskommatov
- Transliteration
- proskommatov
- Morphology
- Greek: noun genitive singular neuter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G4348
- Occurrences
- 4
καὶ
πέτρα
σκανδάλου
οἳ
προσκόπτουσι
- Lemma
- proskoptousin
- Transliteration
- proskoptousin
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4350
- Occurrences
- 1
τῷ
λόγῳ
ἀπειθοῦντες
- Lemma
- apeiqountev
- Transliteration
- apeiqountev
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle nominative plural masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G544
- Occurrences
- 3
εἰς
ὃ
καὶ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
οἳ προσκόπτουσιν τῷ λόγῳ ἀπειθοῦντες, εἰς ὃ καὶ ἐτέθησαν.
9 word entries
τῷ
λόγῳ
καὶ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܟܐܦܐ ܗܘ ܕܬܘܩܠܬܐ ܘܐܒܢܐ ܕܟܫܠܐ ܘܡܬܬܩܠܝܢ ܒܗ ܒܕܠܐ ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ ܠܡܠܬܐ ܕܠܗܕܐ ܣܝܡܝܢ
12 word entries
ܟܐܦܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܟܐܦܐ
- Transliteration
- k'p'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 101
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܕܬܘܩܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܬܘܩܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- dtwqlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܘܐܒܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܒܢܐ
- Transliteration
- w'bn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 3
ܕܟܫܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܟܫܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dkshl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܘܡܬܬܩܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܡܬܬܩܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- wmttqlyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܒܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗ
- Transliteration
- bh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 343
ܒܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- bdl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܬܛܦܝܣܝܢ
- Transliteration
- mttpysyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 15
ܠܡܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܡܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- lmlt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 18
ܕܠܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- dlhd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 3
ܣܝܡܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܝܡܝܢ
- Transliteration
- symyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 7
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
et lapis offensionis, et petra scandali, his qui offendunt verbo, nec credunt in quo et positi sunt.
16 word entries
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
lapis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- lapis
- Transliteration
- lapis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 330
offensionis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- offensio
- Transliteration
- offensionis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 17
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
petra
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- petra
- Transliteration
- petra
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 103
scandali
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scandalum
- Transliteration
- scandali
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 35
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
offendunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- offendo
- Transliteration
- offendunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 29
verbo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uerbum
- Transliteration
- verbo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1162
nec
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- neque
- Transliteration
- nec
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 930
credunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- credo
- Transliteration
- credunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 369
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
positi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pono
- Transliteration
- positi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 894
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 8:14
He will be a sanctuary, but for both houses of Israel, he will be a stumbling stone and a rock that makes them fall. For the people of Jerusalem, he will be a trap and a snare.
31 relevance votes1 Corinthians 1:23
but we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and foolishness to Greeks,
16 relevance votes1 Peter 2:7
For you who believe therefore is the honor, but for those who are disobedient, “The stone which the builders rejected has become the chief cornerstone,”
11 relevance votesRomans 9:22
What if God, willing to show his wrath and to make his power known, endured with much patience vessels of wrath prepared for destruction,
9 relevance votesJude 1:4
For there are certain men who crept in secretly, even those who were long ago written about for this condemnation: ungodly men, turning the grace of our God into indecency, and denying our only Master, God, and Lord, Jesus Christ.
7 relevance votes2 Peter 2:3
In covetousness they will exploit you with deceptive words: whose sentence now from of old doesn’t linger, and their destruction will not slumber.
6 relevance votes1 Thessalonians 5:9
For God didn’t appoint us to wrath, but to the obtaining of salvation through our Lord Jesus Christ,
6 relevance votesLuke 2:34
Simeon blessed them, and said to Mary, his mother, “Behold, this child is appointed for the falling and the rising of many in Israel, and for a sign which is spoken against.
5 relevance votes2 Corinthians 2:16
to the one a stench from death to death, to the other a sweet aroma from life to life. Who is sufficient for these things?
2 relevance votesExodus 9:16
but indeed for this cause I have made you stand: to show you my power, and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth,
2 relevance votesIsaiah 57:14
He will say, “Build up, build up, prepare the way! Remove the stumbling-block out of the way of my people.”
1 relevance votes