11 But he who hates his brother is in the darkness, and walks in the darkness, and doesn’t know where he is going, because the darkness has blinded his eyes.
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to 1 John 2:11. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
92
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ὁ δὲ μισῶν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ἐστί, καὶ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ περιπατεῖ, καὶ οὐκ οἶδε ποῦ ὑπάγει, ὅτι ἡ σκοτία ἐτύφλωσε τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ.
27 word entries
Ὁ
δὲ
μισῶν
τὸν
ἀδελφὸν
αὐτοῦ
ἐν
τῇ
σκοτίᾳ
ἐστί
καὶ
ἐν
τῇ
σκοτίᾳ
περιπατεῖ
καὶ
οὐκ
οἶδε
ποῦ
ὑπάγει
ὅτι
ἡ
σκοτία
ἐτύφλωσε
τοὺς
ὀφθαλμοὺς
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
ὁ δὲ μισῶν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ ἐστὶν καὶ ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ περιπατεῖ, καὶ οὐκ οἶδεν ποῦ ὑπάγει, ὅτι ἡ σκοτία ἐτύφλωσεν τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς αὐτοῦ.
27 word entries
ὁ
τὸν
ἐν
τῇ
ἐστὶν
καὶ
ἐν
τῇ
καὶ
ἡ
τοὺς
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܗܘ ܕܝܢ ܕܣܢܐ ܠܐܚܘܗܝ ܒܚܫܘܟܐ ܐܝܬܘܗܝ ܘܒܚܫܘܟܐ ܡܗܠܟ ܘܠܐ ܝܕܥ ܠܐܝܟܐ ܐܙܠ ܡܛܠ ܕܚܫܘܟܐ ܣܡܝ ܐܢܝܢ ܥܝܢܘܗܝ
17 word entries
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܕܣܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܣܢܐ
- Transliteration
- dsn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 10
ܠܐܚܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܚܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- l'hwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 25
ܒܚܫܘܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܚܫܘܟܐ
- Transliteration
- bhshwk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 11
ܐܝܬܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- 'ytwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 97
ܘܒܚܫܘܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܒܚܫܘܟܐ
- Transliteration
- wbhshwk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1
ܡܗܠܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܗܠܟ
- Transliteration
- mhlk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 18
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 732
ܝܕܥ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܝܕܥ
- Transliteration
- yd'
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 186
ܠܐܝܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܝܟܐ
- Transliteration
- l'yk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 14
ܐܙܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܙܠ
- Transliteration
- 'zl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 97
ܡܛܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܛܠ
- Transliteration
- mtl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 632
ܕܚܫܘܟܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܫܘܟܐ
- Transliteration
- dhshwk'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 9
ܣܡܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܣܡܝ
- Transliteration
- smy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܐܢܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܢܝܢ
- Transliteration
- 'nyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 64
ܥܝܢܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܝܢܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- 'ynwhy
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 19
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Qui autem odit fratrem suum, in tenebris est, et in tenebris ambulat, et nescit quo eat: quia tenebræ obcæcaverunt oculos ejus.
21 word entries
qui
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- qui
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
odit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- odi
- Transliteration
- odit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 150
fratrem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- frater
- Transliteration
- fratrem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1060
suum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- suus
- Transliteration
- suum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5783
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
tenebris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tenebrae
- Transliteration
- tenebris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 162
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
tenebris
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tenebrae
- Transliteration
- tenebris
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 162
ambulat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ambulo
- Transliteration
- ambulat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 412
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
nescit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nescio
- Transliteration
- nescit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 181
quo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quo
- Transliteration
- quo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 59
eat
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- eo
- Transliteration
- eat
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 698
quoniam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quoniam
- Transliteration
- quoniam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1134
tenebrae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tenebrae
- Transliteration
- tenebrae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 162
obcaecaverunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- obcaeco
- Transliteration
- obcaecaverunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 3
oculos
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- oculus
- Transliteration
- oculos
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 682
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
John 12:35
Jesus therefore said to them, “Yet a little while the light is with you. Walk while you have the light, that darkness doesn’t overtake you. He who walks in the darkness doesn’t know where he is going.
14 relevance votesTitus 3:3
For we were also once foolish, disobedient, deceived, serving various lusts and pleasures, living in malice and envy, hateful, and hating one another.
9 relevance votesRevelation 3:17
Because you say, ‘I am rich, and have gotten riches, and have need of nothing,’ and don’t know that you are the wretched one, miserable, poor, blind, and naked;
7 relevance votes1 John 1:6
If we say that we have fellowship with him and walk in the darkness, we lie and don’t tell the truth.
7 relevance votesProverbs 4:19
The way of the wicked is like darkness. They don’t know what they stumble over.
6 relevance votes2 Corinthians 4:4
in whom the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving, that the light of the Good News of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not dawn on them.
6 relevance votes1 John 2:9
He who says he is in the light and hates his brother is in the darkness even until now.
6 relevance votesJohn 12:40
“He has blinded their eyes and he hardened their heart, lest they should see with their eyes, and perceive with their heart, and would turn, and I would heal them.”
6 relevance votes2 Corinthians 3:14
But their minds were hardened, for until this very day at the reading of the old covenant the same veil remains, because in Christ it passes away.
5 relevance votes