Lamentations 4

World English Bible Updated, Verse 18

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¹⁸ They hunt our steps, so that we can’t go in our streets. Our end is near. Our days are fulfilled, for our end has come.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Lamentations 4:18. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 72

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

צָד֣וּ צְעָדֵ֔ינוּ מִלֶּ֖כֶת בִּרְחֹבֹתֵ֑ינוּ קָרַ֥ב קִצֵּ֛ינוּ מָלְא֥וּ יָמֵ֖ינוּ כִּי־בָ֥א קִצֵּֽינוּ׃ ס

11 word entries

צָד֣וּ

Lemma: 6679 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6679
Occurrences: 11

צְעָדֵ֔ינוּ

Lemma: 6806
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6806
Occurrences: 14

מִלֶּ֖כֶת

Lemma: m/3212
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + verb qal infinitive construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H3212
Occurrences: 6

בִּרְחֹבֹתֵ֑ינוּ

Lemma: b/7339
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common feminine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H7339
Occurrences: 22

קָרַ֥ב

Lemma: 7126
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7126
Occurrences: 136

קִצֵּ֛ינוּ

Lemma: 7093
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7093
Occurrences: 30

מָלְא֥וּ

Lemma: 4390
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person common gender plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H4390
Occurrences: 162

יָמֵ֖ינוּ

Lemma: 3117
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3117
Occurrences: 731

כִּי

Lemma: 3588 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3588
Occurrences: 4218

בָ֥א

Lemma: 935
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H935
Occurrences: 1266

קִצֵּֽינוּ

Lemma: 7093
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7093
Occurrences: 30

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

ΤΣΑΔΗ. Ἀπεσκοπεύσαμεν εἰς ἔθνος οὐ σῶζον, ἐθηρεύσαμεν μικροὺς ἡμῶν, τοῦ μὴ πορεύεσθαι ἐν ταῖς πλατείαις ἡμῶν.

16 word entries

ΤΣΑΔΗ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τσαδη
Transliteration: tsade
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 4

Ἀπεσκοπεύσαμεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἀπεσκοπεύσαμεν
Transliteration: apeskopeysamen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

ἔθνος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔθνος
Transliteration: ethnos
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: nation, people
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Nation, people, Gentile group, or ethnic body.
Occurrences: 917

οὐ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οὐ
Transliteration: ou
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle before rough breathing.
Occurrences: 5892

σῶζον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: σῶζον
Transliteration: sozon
Morphology: accusative masculine or nominative/accusative neuter singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

ἐθηρεύσαμεν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἐθηρεύσαμεν
Transliteration: ethereysamen
Morphology: verb, aorist/imperfect active indicative, 3rd singular pattern
Gloss: he/she ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

μικροὺς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μικροὺς
Transliteration: mikroys
Morphology: accusative plural masculine or genitive singular neuter pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ἡμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

τοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μή
Transliteration: me
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not, lest
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Negative particle commonly used with non-indicative moods.
Occurrences: 2979

πορεύεσθαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: πορεύομαι
Transliteration: poreuesthai
Morphology: present middle/passive infinitive
Gloss: to go, to journey
Part of Speech: infinitive
Definition: To go, travel, journey, or walk.
Occurrences: 631

ἐν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐν
Transliteration: en
Morphology: preposition with dative
Gloss: in, among, with
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 13086

ταῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

πλατείαις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πλατείαις
Transliteration: plateiais
Morphology: dative plural feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 28

ἡμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܨܕܘ ܠܕܕܩܕܩܝܢ ܠܕܡܗ̇ܠܟܝܢ ܒܫܘܩܐ ܰ ܩ̣ܪܒ ܩܨ̇ܢ ܡܠ̣ܘ ܝܘܡ̈ܝܢ. ܡܛܠ ܕܐܬ̣ܐ ܥܕܢܢ

12 word entries

ܨܕܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܨܕܘ
Transliteration: sdw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 4

ܠܕܕܩܕܩܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܕܕܩܕܩܝܢ
Transliteration: lddqdqyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1

ܠܕܡܗ̇ܠܟܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܕܡܗܠܟܝܢ
Transliteration: ldmhlkyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2

ܒܫܘܩܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܫܘܩܐ
Transliteration: bshwq'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 35

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 0

ܩ̣ܪܒ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܪܒ
Transliteration: qrb
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 48

ܩܨ̇ܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܩܨܢ
Transliteration: qsn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

ܡܠ̣ܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܠܘ
Transliteration: mlw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 6

ܝܘܡ̈ܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܝܘܡܝܢ
Transliteration: ywmyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 136

ܡܛܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܛܠ
Transliteration: mtl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2606

ܕܐܬ̣ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܬܐ
Transliteration: d't'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 98

ܥܕܢܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܕܢܢ
Transliteration: 'dnn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 1

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

הִינוּן צָדִין שְׁבִילָנָא מִלְמֵיהַךְ לְרוֹחֲצָן בִּפְלָטְיָיתָנָא אָמַרְנָא קָרֵב סוֹפָנָא אִתְמְלִיאוּ יוֹמָנָא אֲרוּם מְטָא סוֹפָנָא׃

14 word entries

הִינוּן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: הינון
Transliteration: hynwn
Morphology: personal pronoun plural
Gloss: they
Occurrences: 9

צָדִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: צדין
Transliteration: tsdyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 13

שְׁבִילָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שבילנא
Transliteration: shbyln'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

מִלְמֵיהַךְ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: למיהך
Transliteration: mlmyhk
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

לְרוֹחֲצָן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רוחצן
Transliteration: lrwchtsn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 43

בִּפְלָטְיָיתָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: פלטייתנא
Transliteration: bpltyytn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

אָמַרְנָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: אמר
Transliteration: 'mrn'
Morphology: verbal root אמר, speech/action form
Gloss: said, spoke
Occurrences: 3728

קָרֵב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: קרב
Transliteration: qrb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 37

סוֹפָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סופנא
Transliteration: swpn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

אִתְמְלִיאוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתמליאו
Transliteration: 'tmly'w
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 8

יוֹמָנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יומנא
Transliteration: ywmn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 16

אֲרוּם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ארום
Transliteration: 'rwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 997

מְטָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מטא
Transliteration: mt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 46

סוֹפָנָא׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סופנא
Transliteration: swpn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 4

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Sade Lubricaverunt vestigia nostra in itinere platearum nostrarum; appropinquavit finis noster, completi sunt dies nostri, quia venit finis noster.

19 word entries

SADE

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Sades
Transliteration: SADE
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6

lubricaverunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: lubrico
Transliteration: lubricaverunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 1

vestigia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uestigium
Transliteration: vestigia
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 35

nostra

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostra
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

itinere

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iter
Transliteration: itinere
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 125

platearum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: platea
Transliteration: platearum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 87

nostrarum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostrarum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

adpropinquavit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: appropinquo
Transliteration: adpropinquavit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 95

finis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: finis
Transliteration: finis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 331

noster

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: noster
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

conpleti

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: compleo
Transliteration: conpleti
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 130

sunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: sunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

dies

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dies
Transliteration: dies
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2559

nostri

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: nostri
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

quia

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quia
Transliteration: quia
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 2543

venit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uenio
Transliteration: venit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 2233

finis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: finis
Transliteration: finis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 331

noster

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: noster
Transliteration: noster
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1263

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

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Lamentations 4

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