Ruth 1

World English Bible, Catholic Edition, Verse 8

Show original chapter

⁸ Naomi said to her two daughters-in-law, “Go, return each of you to her mother’s house. May the LORD deal kindly with you, as you have dealt with the dead and with me.

View Study Below

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ruth 1:8. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 113

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר נָעֳמִי֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ לֵ֣כְנָה שֹּׁ֔בְנָה אִשָּׁ֖ה לְבֵ֣ית אִמָּ֑הּ יעשה יְהוָ֤ה עִמָּכֶם֙ חֶ֔סֶד כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם עִם־הַמֵּתִ֖ים וְעִמָּדִֽי׃

19 word entries

וַתֹּ֤אמֶר

Lemma: c/559
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person feminine singular
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H559
Occurrences: 3026

נָעֳמִי֙

Lemma: 5281
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H5281
Occurrences: 19

לִשְׁתֵּ֣י

Lemma: l/8147
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H8147
Occurrences: 39

כַלֹּתֶ֔יהָ

Lemma: 3618
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3618
Occurrences: 27

לֵ֣כְנָה

Lemma: 3212
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person feminine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H3212
Occurrences: 456

שֹּׁ֔בְנָה

Lemma: 7725
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperative 2rd person feminine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H7725
Occurrences: 534

אִשָּׁ֖ה

Lemma: 802
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H802
Occurrences: 438

לְבֵ֣ית

Lemma: l/1004 b
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H1004
Occurrences: 208

אִמָּ֑הּ

Lemma: 517
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine singular construct + suffix
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H517
Occurrences: 165

יעשה

Lemma: 6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 1634

יַ֣עַשׂ

Lemma: 6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal jussive 3rd person masculine singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 1634

יְהוָ֤ה

Lemma: 3068
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H3068
Occurrences: 5701

עִמָּכֶם֙

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

חֶ֔סֶד

Lemma: 2617 a
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H2617
Occurrences: 193

כַּאֲשֶׁ֧ר

Lemma: k/834 d
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + particle relative
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H834
Occurrences: 496

עֲשִׂיתֶ֛ם

Lemma: 6213 a
Morphology: Hebrew: verb qal perfect 2rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: H6213
Occurrences: 1634

עִם

Lemma: 5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 900

הַמֵּתִ֖ים

Lemma: d/4191
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + verb qal participle active
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H4191
Occurrences: 37

וְעִמָּדִֽי

Lemma: c/5973 a
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5973
Occurrences: 77

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ εἶπε Νωεμὶν, ταῖς δυσὶ νύμφαις αὐτῆς, πορεύεσθε δὴ, ἀποστράφητε ἑκάστη εἰς οἶκον μητρὸς αὐτῆς· ποιήσαι Κύριος μεθʼ ὑμῶν ἔλεος, καθὼς ἐποιήσατε μετὰ τῶν τεθνηκότων καὶ μετʼ ἐμοῦ·

28 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

εἶπε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: λέγω
Transliteration: eipe
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd singular
Gloss: he/she/it said
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To say or speak.
Occurrences: 5490

Νωεμὶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: Νωεμὶν
Transliteration: noemin
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Νωεμὶν
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 18

ταῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δυσὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δυσὶ
Transliteration: dysi
Morphology: dative singular or indeclinable form pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

νύμφαις

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: νύμφαις
Transliteration: nymphais
Morphology: dative plural feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

πορεύεσθε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: πορεύεσθε
Transliteration: poreyesthe
Morphology: verb, middle/passive imperative or indicative, 2nd plural pattern
Gloss: you all ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 39

δὴ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δή
Transliteration: de
Morphology: particle
Gloss: indeed, now, then
Part of Speech: particle
Definition: Emphatic or connective particle.
Occurrences: 284

ἀποστράφητε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἀποστράφητε
Transliteration: apostraphete
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 5

ἑκάστη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ἑκάστη
Transliteration: ekaste
Morphology: nominative feminine singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 2

εἰς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἰς
Transliteration: eis
Morphology: preposition with accusative
Gloss: into, to, for
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the accusative.
Occurrences: 6787

οἶκον

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: οἶκος
Transliteration: oikos
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: house, household
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: House, household, or temple.
Occurrences: 1831

μητρὸς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μήτηρ
Transliteration: meter
Morphology: noun, feminine nominative singular
Gloss: mother
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mother.
Occurrences: 216

αὐτῆς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: αὐτός
Transliteration: autos
Morphology: pronoun, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: he, himself
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Third-person personal/intensive pronoun.
Occurrences: 26672

ποιήσαι

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ποιήσαι
Transliteration: poiesai
Morphology: Greek -σαι form; likely aorist infinitive or middle/passive verb form depending on context
Gloss: to ...
Part of Speech: infinitive/verb form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 21

Κύριος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: κύριος
Transliteration: kyrios
Morphology: noun, masculine nominative singular
Gloss: Lord, master
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Lord, master, owner, or title for God.
Occurrences: 7934

μεθʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: meth
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

ὑμῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: σύ
Transliteration: sy
Morphology: pronoun, nominative second-person singular
Gloss: you
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: Second-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 12950

ἔλεος

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔλεος
Transliteration: eleos
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: mercy
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Mercy, compassion, or covenant kindness.
Occurrences: 216

καθὼς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καθώς
Transliteration: kathos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: just as, according as
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 258

ἐποιήσατε

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐποιήσατε
Transliteration: epoiesate
Morphology: vocative singular, imperative, or 3rd singular verb ending depending on context
Gloss: form requires context
Part of Speech: verb/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

μετὰ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: meta
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

τῶν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

τεθνηκότων

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: τεθνηκότων
Transliteration: tethnekoton
Morphology: Greek -ων form; often genitive plural noun/adjective or nominative masculine participle
Gloss: of ... / being ...
Part of Speech: participle/noun form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 11

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

μετʼ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: μετά
Transliteration: met
Morphology: preposition, elided form
Gloss: with, after
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Elided/aspirated form of μετά.
Occurrences: 2247

ἐμοῦ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐγώ
Transliteration: ego
Morphology: pronoun, nominative first-person singular
Gloss: I
Part of Speech: pronoun
Definition: First-person personal pronoun.
Occurrences: 11445

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܐܡ̣ܪܬ ܢܥܡܝ ܠܟ̈ܠܬܗ̇. ܗܦܘܟܝܢ ܙ̈ܠܝܢ ܠܐܬܪܟܝ̣ܢ ܘܠܒܝܬ ܐܢܫ̈ܝܟܝܢ. ܘܡܪܝܐ ܢܥܒܕ ܥܡܟܝܢ ܪ̈ܚܡ̣ܐ̣. ܐܝܟ ܕܥܒܕܬܝܢ ܥܡܝ. ܘܥܡ ܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ ܒܢ̈ܝ ܕܡܝܬܘ

19 word entries

ܘܐܡ̣ܪܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܐܡܪܬ
Transliteration: w'mrt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 306

ܢܥܡܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܥܡܝ
Transliteration: n'my
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 16

ܠܟ̈ܠܬܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܟܠܬܗ
Transliteration: lklth
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 2

ܗܦܘܟܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܗܦܘܟܝܢ
Transliteration: hpwkyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 3

ܙ̈ܠܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܙܠܝܢ
Transliteration: zlyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 2

ܠܐܬܪܟܝ̣ܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܐܬܪܟܝܢ
Transliteration: l'trkyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1

ܘܠܒܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܠܒܝܬ
Transliteration: wlbyt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 38

ܐܢܫ̈ܝܟܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܢܫܝܟܝܢ
Transliteration: 'nshykyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܘܡܪܝܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܪܝܐ
Transliteration: wmry'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 90

ܢܥܒܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܥܒܕ
Transliteration: n'bd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 75

ܥܡܟܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܟܝܢ
Transliteration: 'mkyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences: 1

ܪ̈ܚܡ̣ܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܚܡܐ
Transliteration: rhm'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 92

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܕܥܒܕܬܝܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܥܒܕܬܝܢ
Transliteration: d'bdtyn
Morphology: possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 1

ܥܡܝ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܡܝ
Transliteration: 'my
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 164

ܘܥܡ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܡ
Transliteration: w'm
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 60

ܬܪ̈ܝܗܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܪܝܗܘܢ
Transliteration: tryhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
Occurrences: 63

ܒܢ̈ܝ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܒܢܝ
Transliteration: bnay
Morphology: noun, masculine construct plural
Gloss: sons, children of
Occurrences: 882

ܕܡܝܬܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܝܬܘ
Transliteration: dmytw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 9

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַאֲמָרַת נָעֳמִי לְתַרְתֵּין כַּלָתָהָא אִיזֵילְנָא תֻבְנָא אִתְּתָא לְבֵית אִמָהּ יַעֲבֵיד יְיָ עִמְּכוֹן טִיבוּ כְּמָא דַּעֲבַדְתּוּן עִם בַּעְלֵיכוֹן שְׁכִיבַיָּא דְּסָרֵיבְתוּן לְמִסַּב גּוּבְרַיָּא בָּתַר מוֹתֵיהוֹן וְעִמִּי דְּזַנְתּוּן וְסוֹבַרְתּוּן יָתִי׃

27 word entries

וַאֲמָרַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אמרת
Transliteration: w'mrt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 238

נָעֳמִי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נעמי
Transliteration: n'my
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 26

לְתַרְתֵּין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תרתין
Transliteration: ltrtyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 122

כַּלָתָהָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: לתהא
Transliteration: klth'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 2

אִיזֵילְנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: איזילנא
Transliteration: 'yzyln'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

תֻבְנָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תבנא
Transliteration: tbn'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

אִתְּתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אתתא
Transliteration: 'tt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 180

לְבֵית

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: בית
Transliteration: lbyt
Morphology: prefixed preposition ל + noun construct/absolute
Gloss: to/for house, household
Occurrences: 2611

אִמָהּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: אמה
Transliteration: 'mh
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 7

יַעֲבֵיד

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יעביד
Transliteration: y'byd
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 73

יְיָ

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: יהוה
Transliteration: yy
Morphology: divine name substitute in Targumic Aramaic
Gloss: the Lord
Occurrences: 3908

עִמְּכוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמכון
Transliteration: 'mkwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 47

טִיבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: טיבו
Transliteration: tybw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 35

כְּמָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: כמא
Transliteration: km'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 322

דַּעֲבַדְתּוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עבדתון
Transliteration: d'bdtwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 33

עִם

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: עם
Transliteration: 'm
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: with
Occurrences: 1754

בַּעְלֵיכוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עליכון
Transliteration: b'lykwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 126

שְׁכִיבַיָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שכיביא
Transliteration: shkyby'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 1

דְּסָרֵיבְתוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סריבתון
Transliteration: dsrybtwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

לְמִסַּב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מסב
Transliteration: lmsb
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 15

גּוּבְרַיָּא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גובריא
Transliteration: gwbry'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 13

בָּתַר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בתר
Transliteration: btr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 428

מוֹתֵיהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ותיהון
Transliteration: mwtyhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 4

וְעִמִּי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עמי
Transliteration: w'my
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 427

דְּזַנְתּוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זנתון
Transliteration: dzntwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1

וְסוֹבַרְתּוּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: סוברתון
Transliteration: wswbrtwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 1

יָתִי׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתי
Transliteration: yty
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 381

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

dixit ad eas: Ite in domum matris vestræ: faciat vobiscum Dominus misericordiam, sicut fecistis cum mortuis, et mecum.

20 word entries

dixit

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dixit
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ad
Transliteration: ad
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences: 7531

eas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: is
Transliteration: eas
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 17810

ite

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: eo
Transliteration: ite
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 698

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

domum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: domus
Transliteration: domum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1989

matris

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mater
Transliteration: matris
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 321

vestrae

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uester
Transliteration: vestrae
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 1504

faciat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: faciat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

Dominus

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dominus
Transliteration: Dominus
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 8181

vobiscum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uos
Transliteration: vobiscum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 2958

{vobiscum}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: {vobiscum}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

misericordiam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: misericordia
Transliteration: misericordiam
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 362

sicut

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sicut
Transliteration: sicut
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 1559

fecistis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: facio
Transliteration: fecistis
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 4719

cum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: cum
Morphology: GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

mortuis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: mortuus
Transliteration: mortuis
Morphology: GreLa POS: adjective
Occurrences: 240

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

mecum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ego
Transliteration: mecum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 6108

{mecum}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: cum
Transliteration: {mecum}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 5272

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Previous Verse

Chapter 1 of 4 Verse 8 of 22

Next Chapter Next Verse

Ruth 1

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Ruth 2:20

Ruth 1:5

Colossians 3:18

Colossians 3:24

Ephesians 5:22