Ruth 1

World English Bible, Catholic Edition, Verse 4

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⁴ They took for themselves wives of the women of Moab. The name of the one was Orpah, and the name of the other was Ruth. They lived there about ten years.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Ruth 1:4. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 5

Word Entries 91

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Westminster Leningrad Codex Hebrew · Hebrew Bible · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament / Hebrew Bible

Primary Hebrew source-text witness for the Hebrew Bible.

וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ לָהֶ֗ם נָשִׁים֙ מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאַחַת֙ עָרְפָּ֔ה וְשֵׁ֥ם הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית ר֑וּת וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ שָׁ֖ם כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר שָׁנִֽים׃

14 word entries

וַיִּשְׂא֣וּ

Lemma: c/5375
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H5375
Occurrences: 217

לָהֶ֗ם

Lemma: l
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + suffix
Part of Speech: preposition
Occurrences: 4413

נָשִׁים֙

Lemma: 802
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H802
Occurrences: 438

מֹֽאֲבִיּ֔וֹת

Lemma: 4125
Morphology: Hebrew: noun gentilic feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H4125
Occurrences: 4

שֵׁ֤ם

Lemma: 8034
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8034
Occurrences: 521

הָֽאַחַת֙

Lemma: d/259
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + adjective
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H259
Occurrences: 150

עָרְפָּ֔ה

Lemma: 6204
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H6204
Occurrences: 2

וְשֵׁ֥ם

Lemma: c/8034
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + noun common masculine singular construct
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H8034
Occurrences: 131

הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית

Lemma: d/8145
Morphology: Hebrew: particle definite article + adjective
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: H8145
Occurrences: 111

ר֑וּת

Lemma: 7327
Morphology: Hebrew: noun proper
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H7327
Occurrences: 10

וַיֵּ֥שְׁבוּ

Lemma: c/3427
Morphology: Hebrew: conjunction + verb qal sequential imperfect 3rd person masculine plural
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: H3427
Occurrences: 324

שָׁ֖ם

Lemma: 8033
Morphology: Hebrew: adverb
Part of Speech: adverb
Strong's: H8033
Occurrences: 671

כְּעֶ֥שֶׂר

Lemma: k/6235
Morphology: Hebrew: preposition + adjective
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: H6235
Occurrences: 3

שָׁנִֽים

Lemma: 8141
Morphology: Hebrew: noun common feminine plural absolute
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: H8141
Occurrences: 646

Greek Brenton Septuagint Greek · Septuagint / Brenton Greek tradition · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and Apocrypha where imported

Ancient Greek translation tradition. Every imported LXX token is classified with confidence labels; rare/generated forms remain needs-review rather than hand-verified scholarship.

Καὶ ἐλάβοσαν ἑαυτοῖς γυναῖκας Μωαβίτιδας· ὄνομα τῇ μιᾷ, Ὀρφά· καὶ ὄνομα τῇ δευτέρᾳ, Ῥούθ· καὶ κατῴκησαν ἐκεῖ ὡς δέκα ἔτη.

20 word entries

Καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ἐλάβοσαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: ἐλάβοσαν
Transliteration: elabosan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 13

ἑαυτοῖς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἑαυτοῦ
Transliteration: heautou
Morphology: reflexive pronoun, genitive masculine/neuter singular
Gloss: of himself, his own
Part of Speech: reflexive pronoun
Definition: Reflexive pronoun himself, herself, itself, themselves.
Occurrences: 462

γυναῖκας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: γυνή
Transliteration: gynaikas
Morphology: noun, feminine accusative plural
Gloss: women, wives
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Woman or wife.
Occurrences: 889

Μωαβίτιδας

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: μωαβίτιδας
Transliteration: moabitidas
Morphology: accusative plural feminine or genitive singular feminine pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 3

ὄνομα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄνομα
Transliteration: onoma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: name
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Name.
Occurrences: 908

τῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

μιᾷ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: εἷς
Transliteration: heis
Morphology: numeral/adjective, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: one
Part of Speech: numeral/adjective
Definition: One, a single one.
Occurrences: 785

Ὀρφά

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: ὀρφά
Transliteration: orpha
Morphology: nominative/accusative neuter plural or feminine nominative singular pattern
Gloss: ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

ὄνομα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὄνομα
Transliteration: onoma
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative singular
Gloss: name
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Name.
Occurrences: 908

τῇ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὁ
Transliteration: ho
Morphology: definite article, nominative masculine singular
Gloss: the
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 80473

δευτέρᾳ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: δευτέρᾳ
Transliteration: deytera
Morphology: dative singular feminine pattern
Gloss: to/for ...
Part of Speech: noun/adjective form
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 24

Ῥούθ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: low
Confidence note: Rare-form generated LXX morphology pattern. This improves coverage and searchability, but should be treated as low-confidence until reviewed against the verse context.
Lemma: Ῥούθ
Transliteration: oyth
Morphology: proper noun, likely indeclinable or context-dependent inflected form
Gloss: Ῥούθ
Part of Speech: proper noun
Definition: Generated proper-name alignment. Exact identity should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 1

καὶ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: καί
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and, also, even
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 56730

κατῴκησαν

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium
Confidence note: Broad rule-aligned LXX morphology pattern. This is a generated morphology/part-of-speech layer intended for progress and searchability, not a hand-reviewed scholarly parse.
Lemma: κατῴκησαν
Transliteration: katkesan
Morphology: verb, aorist active indicative, 3rd plural pattern
Gloss: they ...
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: Generated LXX morphology pattern. Lexical meaning and exact parsing should be reviewed against the verse context.
Occurrences: 31

ἐκεῖ

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἐκεῖ
Transliteration: ekei
Morphology: adverb
Gloss: there
Part of Speech: adverb
Definition: There, in that place.
Occurrences: 751

ὡς

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ὡς
Transliteration: hos
Morphology: comparative conjunction/adverb
Gloss: as, like, when
Part of Speech: conjunction/adverb
Definition: Comparative or temporal conjunction/adverb.
Occurrences: 1899

δέκα

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: δέκα
Transliteration: deka
Morphology: numeral, indeclinable
Gloss: ten
Part of Speech: numeral
Definition: The numeral ten.
Occurrences: 187

ἔτη

Status: Rule-aligned morphology
Confidence: medium high
Confidence note: Rule-aligned high-frequency LXX form. Stronger than generic preliminary enrichment, but not manually reviewed verse-by-verse.
Lemma: ἔτος
Transliteration: ete
Morphology: noun, neuter nominative/accusative plural
Gloss: years
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: Year.
Occurrences: 657

Syriac Peshitta Old Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: Old Testament and selected Apocrypha

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܘܢܣ̣ܒܘ ܠܗ̇ܘܢ ܢܫ̈ܐ ܡܘܐܒܝܬܐ. ܫܡܗ̇ ܕܚܕܐ̣ ܥܪܦܐ. ܘܫܡܗ̇ ܕܐܚܪܬܐ̣ ܪܥܘܬ. ܘܥ̇ܡ̣ܪܘ ܬܡܢ ܐܝܟ ܫܢ̈ܝܐ̣ ܥܣܪ

15 word entries

ܘܢܣ̣ܒܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܢܣܒܘ
Transliteration: wnsbw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 41

ܠܗ̇ܘܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܠܗܘܢ
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences: 1134

ܢܫ̈ܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܢܫܐ
Transliteration: nsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 93

ܡܘܐܒܝܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܘܐܒܝܬܐ
Transliteration: mw'byt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 6

ܫܡܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܡܗ
Transliteration: shmh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 146

ܕܚܕܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܚܕܐ
Transliteration: dhd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 10

ܥܪܦܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܪܦܐ
Transliteration: 'rp'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 2

ܘܫܡܗ̇

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܫܡܗ
Transliteration: wshmh
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 49

ܕܐܚܪܬܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܐܚܪܬܐ
Transliteration: d'hrt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 3

ܪܥܘܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܪܥܘܬ
Transliteration: r'wt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 10

ܘܥ̇ܡ̣ܪܘ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܥܡܪܘ
Transliteration: w'mrw
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 9

ܬܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܬܡܢ
Transliteration: tmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 459

ܐܝܟ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܟ
Transliteration: 'yk
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2051

ܫܢ̈ܝܐ̣

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܫܢܝܐ
Transliteration: shny'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 36

ܥܣܪ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܥܣܪ
Transliteration: 'sr
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 29

Targumim on Prophets and Writings Aramaic · Targum Jonathan and Writings Targumim · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: Prophets, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Megillot, and Chronicles. Torah Onkelos excluded pending commercial-safe licensing.

Jewish Aramaic interpretive translation tradition. Use as a Targum witness, not as a one-for-one original-language replacement.

וַעֲבַרוּ עַל גְּזֵירַת מֵימְרָא דַּיָי וּנְסִיבוּ לְהוֹן נְשִׁין נוּכְרָאִין מִן בְּנָת מוֹאָב שׁוֹם חֲדָא עָרְפָּה וְשׁוֹם תִּנְיֵיתָא רוּת בַּת עֶגְלוֹן מַלְכָּא דְּמוֹאָב וִיתִיבוּ תַמָּן כִּזְמַן עֲשַׂר שְׁנִין׃

27 word entries

וַעֲבַרוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עברו
Transliteration: w'brw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 83

עַל

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: על
Transliteration: 'l
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: on, upon, against, concerning
Occurrences: 3568

גְּזֵירַת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: גזירת
Transliteration: gzyrt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 49

מֵימְרָא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מימר
Transliteration: mymr'
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine emphatic
Gloss: from word, command, utterance
Occurrences: 357

דַּיָי

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: דיי
Transliteration: dyy
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 1761

וּנְסִיבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נסיבו
Transliteration: wnsybw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 41

לְהוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: הון
Transliteration: lhwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 1262

נְשִׁין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נשין
Transliteration: nshyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 38

נוּכְרָאִין

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: נוכראין
Transliteration: nwkr'yn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 26

מִן

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מן
Transliteration: mn
Morphology: preposition
Gloss: from, out of, than
Occurrences: 2836

בְּנָת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בנת
Transliteration: bnt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 35

מוֹאָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ואב
Transliteration: mw'b
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 56

שׁוֹם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שום
Transliteration: shwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 178

חֲדָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: חדא
Transliteration: chd'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 562

עָרְפָּה

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: ערפה
Transliteration: 'rph
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 5

וְשׁוֹם

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שום
Transliteration: wshwm
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 178

תִּנְיֵיתָא

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תנייתא
Transliteration: tnyyt'
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic emphatic noun/adjective candidate
Occurrences: 3

רוּת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: רות
Transliteration: rwt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 32

בַּת

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: בת
Transliteration: bt
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 65

עֶגְלוֹן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עגלון
Transliteration: 'glwn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 14

מַלְכָּא

Confidence: medium aramaic rule-aligned
Note: Matched Spirit Nation Aramaic rule lexicon. Verify before labeling as hand-reviewed scholarship.
Lemma: מלך
Transliteration: mlk'
Morphology: prefixed preposition מ + noun masculine singular emphatic
Gloss: from king
Occurrences: 2509

דְּמוֹאָב

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: מואב
Transliteration: dmw'b
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 36

וִיתִיבוּ

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: יתיבו
Transliteration: wytybw
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 59

תַמָּן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: תמן
Transliteration: tmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 618

כִּזְמַן

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: זמן
Transliteration: kzmn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic token with stripped prefix/suffix
Occurrences: 157

עֲשַׂר

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: עשר
Transliteration: 'shr
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 32

שְׁנִין׃

Status: Preliminary machine alignment
Confidence: low aramaic preliminary
Note: Preliminary Aramaic token normalization. Lemma/gloss/morphology require later review.
Lemma: שנין
Transliteration: shnyn
Morphology: preliminary Aramaic source token
Occurrences: 295

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Qui acceperunt uxores Moabitidas, quarum una vocabatur Orpha, altera vero Ruth. Manseruntque ibi decem annis,

15 word entries

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

acceperunt

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: accipio
Transliteration: acceperunt
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 632

uxores

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uxor
Transliteration: uxores
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 505

moabitidas

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: moabitidus
Transliteration: moabitidas
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 2

quarum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: quarum
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

una

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: unus
Transliteration: una
Morphology: GreLa POS: numeral
Occurrences: 1077

vocabatur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uoco
Transliteration: vocabatur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 652

Orpha

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Orpha
Transliteration: Orpha
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 2

altera

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: alter
Transliteration: altera
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 319

Ruth

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: Ruth
Transliteration: Ruth
Morphology: GreLa POS: proper noun
Occurrences: 12

manseruntque

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: maneo
Transliteration: manseruntque
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 277

{manseruntque}

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: que
Transliteration: {manseruntque}
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences: 4392

ibi

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ibi
Transliteration: ibi
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 517

decem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: decem
Transliteration: decem
Morphology: GreLa POS: numeral
Occurrences: 241

annis

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: annus
Transliteration: annis
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 831

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Previous Verse

Chapter 1 of 4 Verse 4 of 22

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Ruth 1

Source Text Study

Ranked cross references

Matthew 1:5

Deuteronomy 7:3

Deuteronomy 23:3