1 What then, it may be asked, are we to say about Abraham, the ancestor of our nation?
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 4
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 1
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 4:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
38
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν Ἀβραὰμ τὸν πατέρα ἡμῶν εὑρηκέναι κατὰ σάρκα;
10 word entries
Τί
οὖν
ἐροῦμεν
Ἀβραὰμ
τὸν
πατέρα
ἡμῶν
εὑρηκέναι
κατὰ
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Τί οὖν ἐροῦμεν εὑρηκέναι Ἀβραὰμ τὸν προπάτορα ἡμῶν κατὰ σάρκα;
10 word entries
τὸν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܢܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܐܡܪܝܢܢ ܥܠ ܐܒܪܗܡ ܪܫܐ ܕܐܒܗܬܐ ܕܐܫܟܚ ܒܒܣܪ
9 word entries
ܡܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 257
ܗܟܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܝܠ
- Transliteration
- hkyl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 250
ܐܡܪܝܢܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܡܪܝܢܢ
- Transliteration
- 'mrynn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܥܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܥܠ
- Transliteration
- 'l
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 909
ܐܒܪܗܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܒܪܗܡ
- Transliteration
- 'brhm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 33
ܪܫܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܪܫܐ
- Transliteration
- rsh'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 51
ܕܐܒܗܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܒܗܬܐ
- Transliteration
- d'bht'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܕܐܫܟܚ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܫܟܚ
- Transliteration
- d'shkh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 4
ܒܒܣܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܒܣܪ
- Transliteration
- bbsr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 21
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Quid ergo dicemus invenisse Abraham patrem nostrum secundum carnem?
9 word entries
quid
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quis
- Transliteration
- quid
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1619
ergo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ergo
- Transliteration
- ergo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1237
dicemus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- dico
- Transliteration
- dicemus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 6477
invenisse
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuenio
- Transliteration
- invenisse
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 682
Abraham
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Abraham
- Transliteration
- Abraham
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 214
patrem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- pater
- Transliteration
- patrem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1575
nostrum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- noster
- Transliteration
- nostrum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 1263
secundum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- secundum
- Transliteration
- secundum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 529
carnem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- caro
- Transliteration
- carnem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 433
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Isaiah 51:2
12 relevance votesRomans 4:16
That is why everything is made to depend on faith: so that everything may be God’s gift, and in order that the fulfillment of the promise may be made certain for all Abraham’s descendants – not only for those who take their stand on the Law, but also for those who take their stand on the faith of Abraham. (He is the father of us all;
8 relevance votesJohn 8:56
Your ancestor Abraham rejoiced that he would see my day; and he did see it, and was glad.”
4 relevance votes2 Corinthians 11:22
Are they Hebrews? So am I! Are they Israelites? So am I! Are they descendants of Abraham? So am I!
4 relevance votesActs 13:26
Brothers and sisters, descendants of Abraham, and all those among you who worship God, it was to us that the message of this salvation was sent.
4 relevance votesLuke 3:8
Let your lives, then, prove your repentance; and do not begin to say among yourselves ‘Abraham is our ancestor,’ for I tell you that out of these stones God is able to raise descendants for Abraham!
3 relevance votesRomans 7:7
What are we to say, then? That Law and sin are the same thing? Heaven forbid! On the contrary, I should not have learned what sin is, had not it been for Law. If the Law did not say ‘You must not covet,’ I should not know what it is to covet.
3 relevance votesMatthew 3:9
and do not think that you can say among yourselves ‘Abraham is our ancestor,’ for I tell you that out of these stones God is able to raise descendants for Abraham!
3 relevance votesJohn 8:33
“We are descendants of Abraham,” was their answer, “and have never yet been in slavery to anyone. What do you mean by saying ‘you will be set free’?”
2 relevance votesRomans 8:31
What are we to say, then, in the light of all this? If God is on our side, who can there be against us?
2 relevance votesJohn 8:53
Are you greater than our ancestor Abraham, who died? And the prophets died too. Whom do you make yourself out to be?”
2 relevance votesHebrews 12:9
Further, when our earthly fathers disciplined us, we respected them. Should we not, then, much rather yield submission to the Father of souls, and live?
1 relevance votes