9 The commandments, ‘You must not commit adultery, you must not kill, you must not steal, you must not covet,’ and whatever other commandment there is, are all summed up in the words – ‘You must love your neighbor as you love yourself.’
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 13
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 9
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 13:9. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
106
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Τὸ γάρ, Οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐ ψευδομαρτυρήσεις, οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις, καὶ εἴ τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή, ἐν τούτῳ τῷ λόγῳ ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται, ἐν τῷ, Ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς ἑαυτόν.
30 word entries
Τὸ
γάρ
Οὐ
μοιχεύσεις
- Lemma
- moiceuseiv
- Transliteration
- moiceuseiv
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future active indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G3431
- Occurrences
- 4
οὐ
φονεύσεις
οὐ
κλέψεις
οὐ
ψευδομαρτυρήσεις
- Lemma
- yeudomarturhseiv
- Transliteration
- yeudomarturhseiv
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future active indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G5576
- Occurrences
- 2
οὐκ
ἐπιθυμήσεις
- Lemma
- epiqumhseiv
- Transliteration
- epiqumhseiv
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future active indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1937
- Occurrences
- 2
καὶ
εἴ
τις
ἑτέρα
ἐντολή
ἐν
τούτῳ
τῷ
λόγῳ
ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται
- Lemma
- anakefalaioutai
- Transliteration
- anakefalaioutai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present passive indicative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G346
- Occurrences
- 1
ἐν
τῷ
Ἀγαπήσεις
τὸν
πλησίον
σου
ὡς
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
τὸ γὰρ οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις, καὶ εἴ τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή, ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται, ἐν τῷ ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν.
28 word entries
τὸ
καὶ
ἐν
τῷ
λόγῳ
ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται,
- Lemma
- ἀνακεφαλαίομαι
- Morphology
- V-PPI-3S
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G0346
- Occurrences
- 2
ἐν
τῷ
τὸν
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܘܐܦ ܗܝ ܓܝܪ ܕܐܡܪ ܕܠܐ ܬܓܘܪ ܘܠܐ ܬܩܛܘܠ ܘܠܐ ܬܓܢܘܒ ܘܠܐ ܬܪܓ ܘܐܢ ܐܝܬ ܦܘܩܕܢܐ ܐܚܪܢܐ ܒܗܕܐ ܡܠܬܐ ܡܫܬܠܡ ܕܬܪܚܡ ܠܩܪܝܒܟ ܐܝܟ ܢܦܫܟ
23 word entries
ܘܐܦ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܦ
- Transliteration
- w'p
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 89
ܗܝ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܝ
- Transliteration
- hi
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, feminine singular
- Gloss
- she, it, is
- Occurrences
- 403
ܓܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܝܪ
- Transliteration
- gyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1085
ܕܐܡܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܡܪ
- Transliteration
- d'mr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 127
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܬܓܘܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܓܘܪ
- Transliteration
- tgwr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 732
ܬܩܛܘܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܩܛܘܠ
- Transliteration
- tqtwl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 6
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 732
ܬܓܢܘܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܓܢܘܒ
- Transliteration
- tgnwb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 4
ܘܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܠܐ
- Transliteration
- wl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 732
ܬܪܓ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܪܓ
- Transliteration
- trg
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2
ܘܐܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܢ
- Transliteration
- w'n
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 196
ܐܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܬ
- Transliteration
- 'yt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 330
ܦܘܩܕܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܘܩܕܢܐ
- Transliteration
- pwqdn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 49
ܐܚܪܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܚܪܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'hrn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 120
ܒܗܕܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗܕܐ
- Transliteration
- bhd'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 34
ܡܠܬܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܡܠܬܐ
- Transliteration
- meltha
- Morphology
- noun, feminine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- word, matter
- Occurrences
- 143
ܡܫܬܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܫܬܠܡ
- Transliteration
- mshtlm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 11
ܕܬܪܚܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܬܪܚܡ
- Transliteration
- dtrhm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 5
ܠܩܪܝܒܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܩܪܝܒܟ
- Transliteration
- lqrybk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 8
ܐܝܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟ
- Transliteration
- 'yk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 681
ܢܦܫܟ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܫܟ
- Transliteration
- npshk
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 39
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Nam: Non adultabis: non occides: non furaberis: non falsum testimonium dices: non concupisces: et si quod est aliud mandatum, in hoc verbo instauratur: diliges proximum tuum sicut teipsum.
25 word entries
nam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nam
- Transliteration
- nam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 211
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
adulterabis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- adultero
- Transliteration
- adulterabis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 10
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
occides
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- occido
- Transliteration
- occides
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 370
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
furaberis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- furor
- Transliteration
- furaberis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 233
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
concupisces
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- concupisco
- Transliteration
- concupisces
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 35
et
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- et
- Transliteration
- et
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Gloss
- and
- Part of Speech
- conjunction
- Definition
- and, also, even
- Etymology
- Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
- Occurrences
- 50526
si
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- si
- Transliteration
- si
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1970
quod
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quod
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
aliud
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- alius
- Transliteration
- aliud
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 577
mandatum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- mandatum
- Transliteration
- mandatum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 242
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
hoc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- hic
- Transliteration
- hoc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4646
verbo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uerbum
- Transliteration
- verbo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 1162
instauratur
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- instauro
- Transliteration
- instauratur
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 26
diliges
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- diligo
- Transliteration
- diliges
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 338
proximum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- proximum
- Transliteration
- proximum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 37
tuum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tuus
- Transliteration
- tuum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5615
tamquam
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tamquam
- Transliteration
- tamquam
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 176
te
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tu
- Transliteration
- te
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 4602
ipsum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ipse
- Transliteration
- ipsum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 2134
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Matthew 22:39
The second, which is like it, is this – You must love your neighbor as you love yourself.
57 relevance votesMark 12:31
The second is this – ‘You must love your neighbor as you love yourself.’ There is no commandment greater than these.”
56 relevance votesLuke 10:27
His reply was – “You must love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as you love yourself.”
56 relevance votesLeviticus 19:18
36 relevance votesGalatians 5:13
Remember, friends, to you the call came to give you freedom. Only, do not make your freedom an opportunity for self-indulgence but serve one another in a loving spirit.
8 relevance votesLeviticus 19:34
8 relevance votesLuke 18:20
You know the commandments – Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not say what is false about others, Honor your father and your mother.”
6 relevance votesMark 10:19
You know the commandments – ‘Do not kill. Do not commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not say what is false about others. Do not cheat. Honor your father and your mother.’”
4 relevance votes