1 Let everyone obey the supreme authorities. For no authority exists except by the will of God, and the existing authorities have been appointed by God.
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 13
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 1
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 13:1. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
82
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Πᾶσα ψυχὴ ἐξουσίαις ὑπερεχούσαις ὑποτασσέσθω· οὐ γάρ ἐστιν ἐξουσία εἰ μὴ ἀπὸ Θεοῦ, αἱ δὲ οὖσαι ἐξουσίαι ὑπὸ τοῦ Θεοῦ τεταγμέναι εἰσίν.
22 word entries
Πᾶσα
ψυχὴ
ἐξουσίαις
ὑπερεχούσαις
- Lemma
- uperecousaiv
- Transliteration
- uperecousaiv
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle dative plural feminine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G5242
- Occurrences
- 1
ὑποτασσέσθω
- Lemma
- upotassesqw
- Transliteration
- upotassesqw
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present middle imperative singular
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G5293
- Occurrences
- 1
οὐ
γάρ
ἐστιν
ἐξουσία
εἰ
μὴ
ἀπὸ
Θεοῦ
αἱ
δὲ
οὖσαι
ἐξουσίαι
ὑπὸ
τοῦ
Θεοῦ
τεταγμέναι
- Lemma
- tetagmenai
- Transliteration
- tetagmenai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb perfect passive participle nominative plural feminine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G5021
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Πᾶσα ψυχὴ ἐξουσίαις ὑπερεχούσαις ὑποτασσέσθω. οὐ γὰρ ἔστιν ἐξουσία εἰ μὴ ὑπὸ θεοῦ, αἱ δὲ οὖσαι ὑπὸ θεοῦ τεταγμέναι εἰσίν·
20 word entries
ἔστιν
θεοῦ,
αἱ
οὖσαι
θεοῦ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܟܠ ܢܦܫ ܠܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܪܒܘܬܐ ܬܫܬܥܒܕ ܠܝܬ ܓܝܪ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܠܐ ܗܘܐ ܡܢ ܐܠܗܐ ܗܘ ܘܐܝܠܝܢ ܫܘܠܛܢܐ ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܡܢ ܐܠܗܐ ܗܘ ܦܩܝܕܝܢ
20 word entries
ܟܠ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܟܠ
- Transliteration
- kul
- Morphology
- quantifier/adjective
- Gloss
- all, every
- Occurrences
- 280
ܢܦܫ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܦܫ
- Transliteration
- npsh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 7
ܠܫܘܠܛܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܫܘܠܛܢܐ
- Transliteration
- lshwltn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1
ܕܪܒܘܬܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܪܒܘܬܐ
- Transliteration
- drbwt'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 7
ܬܫܬܥܒܕ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܬܫܬܥܒܕ
- Transliteration
- tsht'bd
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܝܬ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܝܬ
- Transliteration
- lyt
- Morphology
- possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 129
ܓܝܪ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܓܝܪ
- Transliteration
- gyr
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1085
ܫܘܠܛܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܘܠܛܢܐ
- Transliteration
- shwltn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 49
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܗܘܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘܐ
- Transliteration
- hwa
- Morphology
- verb, being/becoming root form
- Gloss
- was, became
- Occurrences
- 1535
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- alaha
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- God
- Occurrences
- 497
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܘܐܝܠܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܘܐܝܠܝܢ
- Transliteration
- w'ylyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
- Occurrences
- 57
ܫܘܠܛܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܘܠܛܢܐ
- Transliteration
- shwltn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 49
ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ
- Transliteration
- d'ytyhwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 28
ܡܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܢ
- Transliteration
- mn
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 2166
ܐܠܗܐ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܐܠܗܐ
- Transliteration
- alaha
- Morphology
- noun, masculine emphatic singular
- Gloss
- God
- Occurrences
- 497
ܗܘ
- Confidence
- medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
- Lemma
- ܗܘ
- Transliteration
- hu
- Morphology
- pronoun/copula, masculine singular
- Gloss
- he, it, is
- Occurrences
- 1648
ܦܩܝܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܦܩܝܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- pqydyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Omnis anima potestatibus sublimioribus subdita sit: non est enim potestas nisi a Deo: quæ autem sunt, a Deo ordinatæ sunt.
20 word entries
omnis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- omnis
- Transliteration
- omnis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 5506
anima
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- anima
- Transliteration
- anima
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 916
potestatibus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- potestas
- Transliteration
- potestatibus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 201
sublimioribus
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sublimus
- Transliteration
- sublimioribus
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adjective
- Occurrences
- 1
subdita
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- subdo
- Transliteration
- subdita
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 30
sit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
est
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- est
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
enim
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- enim
- Transliteration
- enim
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2392
potestas
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- potestas
- Transliteration
- potestas
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 201
nisi
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- nisi
- Transliteration
- nisi
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 265
a
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- a
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
Deo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
quae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
a
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- a
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
Deo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- deus
- Transliteration
- Deo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Gloss
- God
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Definition
- God, deity
- Etymology
- Latin noun for God or a god.
- Occurrences
- 4889
ordinatae
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ordino
- Transliteration
- ordinatae
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 25
sunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sum
- Transliteration
- sunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 20614
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Titus 3:1
Remind them to respect and obey the rulers and authorities, to be ready for every kind of good work, to slander no one, to avoid quarreling,
84 relevance votesDaniel 2:21
53 relevance votesJohn 19:11
“You would have no power over me at all,” answered Jesus, “if it had not been given you from above; and, therefore, the man who betrayed me to you is guilty of the greater sin.”
34 relevance votesJude 1:8
Yet in the same way these people, too, cherishing vain dreams, pollute our human nature, reject control, and malign the celestial beings.
15 relevance votesPsalms 62:11
One thing God has uttered, two things there are which I heard that power belongs to God,
13 relevance votesEphesians 5:21
Submit to one another because you honor and respect Christ.
12 relevance votesRevelation 1:5
and from Jesus Christ, the faithful witness, the firstborn from the dead, and the Ruler of all the kings of the earth. To him who loves us and freed us from our sins by his own blood –
7 relevance votesRevelation 19:16
and on his robe and on his thigh he has this name written – ‘KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS.’
7 relevance votes1 Samuel 2:8
7 relevance votesDaniel 4:32
6 relevance votesMatthew 6:13
and take us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.’
2 relevance votes