14 But how, it may be asked, are they to invoke one in whom they have not learned to believe? And how are they to believe in one whose words they have not heard? And how are they to hear his words unless someone proclaims him?
Open English Bible, US Edition
Romans 10
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 14
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Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Romans 10:14. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
73
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσονται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν; Πῶς δὲ πιστεύσουσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν; Πῶς δὲ ἀκούσουσι χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος;
18 word entries
Πῶς
οὖν
ἐπικαλέσονται
- Lemma
- epikalesontai
- Transliteration
- epikalesontai
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future middle indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G1941
- Occurrences
- 1
εἰς
ὃν
οὐκ
ἐπίστευσαν
- Lemma
- episteusan
- Transliteration
- episteusan
- Morphology
- Greek: verb aorist active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4100
- Occurrences
- 22
Πῶς
δὲ
πιστεύσουσιν
- Lemma
- pisteusousin
- Transliteration
- pisteusousin
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G4100
- Occurrences
- 2
οὗ
οὐκ
ἤκουσαν
Πῶς
δὲ
ἀκούσουσι
- Lemma
- akousousin
- Transliteration
- akousousin
- Morphology
- Greek: verb future active indicative plural
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G191
- Occurrences
- 2
χωρὶς
κηρύσσοντος
- Lemma
- khrussontov
- Transliteration
- khrussontov
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present active participle genitive singular masculine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2784
- Occurrences
- 1
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν; πῶς δὲ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν; πῶς δὲ ἀκούσονται χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος;
18 word entries
ἐπικαλέσωνται
- Lemma
- ἐπικαλέομαι
- Morphology
- V-AMS-3P
- Part of Speech
- V
- Strong's
- G1941
- Occurrences
- 30
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܐܝܟܢܐ ܗܟܝܠ ܢܩܪܘܢ ܠܐܝܢܐ ܕܠܐ ܗܝܡܢܘ ܒܗ ܐܘ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܢܗܝܡܢܘܢ ܠܗܘ ܕܠܐ ܫܡܥܘܗܝ ܐܘ ܐܝܟܢܐ ܢܫܡܥܘܢ ܕܠܐ ܡܟܪܙܢܐ
18 word entries
ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'ykn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 261
ܗܟܝܠ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܟܝܠ
- Transliteration
- hkyl
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 250
ܢܩܪܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܩܪܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nqrwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 1
ܠܐܝܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܝܢܐ
- Transliteration
- l'yn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 14
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܗܝܡܢܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܝܡܢܘ
- Transliteration
- hymnw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 36
ܒܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܒܗ
- Transliteration
- bh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition b-
- Occurrences
- 343
ܐܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘ
- Transliteration
- 'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 312
ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'ykn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 261
ܢܗܝܡܢܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܗܝܡܢܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nhymnwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܗܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗܘ
- Transliteration
- lhw
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 69
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܫܡܥܘܗܝ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܫܡܥܘܗܝ
- Transliteration
- shm'why
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 3
ܐܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܘ
- Transliteration
- 'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 312
ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܐܝܟܢܐ
- Transliteration
- 'ykn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 261
ܢܫܡܥܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܢܫܡܥܘܢ
- Transliteration
- nshm'wn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending
- Occurrences
- 6
ܕܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܠܐ
- Transliteration
- dl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 720
ܡܟܪܙܢܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܟܪܙܢܐ
- Transliteration
- mkrzn'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Quomodo ergo invocabunt, in quem non crediderunt? aut quomodo credent ei, quem non audierunt? quomodo autem audient sine prædicante?
19 word entries
quomodo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quomodo
- Transliteration
- quomodo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 284
ergo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ergo
- Transliteration
- ergo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 1237
invocabunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- inuoco
- Transliteration
- invocabunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 152
in
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- in
- Transliteration
- in
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Gloss
- in
- Part of Speech
- preposition
- Definition
- in, into, among, on
- Etymology
- Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
- Occurrences
- 22264
quem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
crediderunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- credo
- Transliteration
- crediderunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 369
aut
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- aut
- Transliteration
- aut
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 509
quomodo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quomodo
- Transliteration
- quomodo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 284
credent
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- credo
- Transliteration
- credent
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 369
ei
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- ei
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
quem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- qui
- Transliteration
- quem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 15011
non
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- non
- Transliteration
- non
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 7320
audierunt
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audierunt
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
quomodo
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quomodo
- Transliteration
- quomodo
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 284
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
audient
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- audio
- Transliteration
- audient
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1534
sine
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- sine
- Transliteration
- sine
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 241
praedicante
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- praedico
- Transliteration
- praedicante
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 151
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Titus 1:3
and has revealed at his own time in his message, with the preaching of which I was entrusted by the command of God our Savior.
15 relevance votesActs 8:31
“How can I,” the other answered, “unless someone will explain it to me?” and he invited Philip to get up and sit by his side.
13 relevance votesHebrews 11:6
but without faith it is impossible to please him, for he who comes to God must believe that God exists, and that he rewards those who seek for him.
12 relevance votesJames 5:15
The prayer offered in faith will save the person who is sick, and the Lord will raise them from their bed; and if they have committed sins, they will be forgiven.
10 relevance votesEphesians 4:21
and through union with him were taught the truth, as it is to be found in Jesus.
10 relevance votes2 Timothy 4:17
But the Lord came to my help and strengthened me, in order that, through me, the proclamation should be made so widely that all the Gentiles should hear it; and I was rescued out of the lion’s mouth.
10 relevance votesJohn 20:31
but these have been recorded so that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God – and that, through your belief in his name, you may have life.
9 relevance votesActs 19:2
“Did you, when you became believers in Christ, receive the Holy Spirit?” “No,” they answered, “we did not even hear that there was a Holy Spirit.”
9 relevance votesRomans 1:5
Through him we received the gift of the apostolic office, to win submission to the faith among all nations for the glory of his name.
7 relevance votesJonah 1:16
Then the men greatly feared the Lord , and they offered a sacrifice and made vows to him.
6 relevance votesJonah 1:5
The sailors were terrified and each cried for help to his own god. They threw the ship’s cargo into the sea to make the ship lighter. Meanwhile Jonah had gone down into the bottom of the ship and lay fast asleep.
6 relevance votes
Chapter 10 · 10 of 16 available
Verse 14 of 21