Matthew
Chapter 5
Verse 44
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Matthew 5

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 44

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44 But what I tell you is this: love your enemies, and pray for those who persecute you,

Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Matthew 5:44. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 4
Word Entries 83
Editorial Notes 0
How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Textus Receptus Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain

Coverage: New Testament

Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.

ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, Ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν, εὐλογεῖτε τοὺς καταρωμένους ὑμᾶς, καλῶς ποιεῖτε τοὺς μισοῦντας ὑμᾶς, καὶ προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν ἐπηρεαζόντων ὑμᾶς, καὶ διωκόντων ὑμᾶς·

26 word entries
ἐγὼ
Lemma
egw
Transliteration
egw
Morphology
Greek: personal pronoun
Part of Speech
personal pronoun
Strong's
G1473
Occurrences
370
δὲ
Lemma
de
Transliteration
de
Morphology
Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
G1161
Occurrences
2860
λέγω
Lemma
legw
Transliteration
legw
Morphology
Greek: verb present active indicative singular
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
G3004
Occurrences
214
ὑμῖν
Lemma
umin
Transliteration
umin
Morphology
Greek: personal pronoun
Part of Speech
personal pronoun
Strong's
G4771
Occurrences
622
Ἀγαπᾶτε
Lemma
agapate
Transliteration
agapate
Morphology
Greek: verb present active imperative plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
G25
Occurrences
15
τοὺς
Lemma
touv
Transliteration
touv
Morphology
Greek: article accusative plural masculine
Part of Speech
article
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
732
ἐχθροὺς
Lemma
ecqrouv
Transliteration
ecqrouv
Morphology
Greek: adjective accusative plural masculine
Part of Speech
adjective
Strong's
G2190
Occurrences
13
ὑμῶν
Lemma
umwn
Transliteration
umwn
Morphology
Greek: personal pronoun
Part of Speech
personal pronoun
Strong's
G4771
Occurrences
587
εὐλογεῖτε
Transliteration
eulogeite
Morphology
Greek: verb present active imperative plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
G2127
Occurrences
4
τοὺς
Lemma
touv
Transliteration
touv
Morphology
Greek: article accusative plural masculine
Part of Speech
article
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
732
καταρωμένους
Transliteration
katarwmenouv
Morphology
Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle accusative plural masculine
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
G2672
Occurrences
2
ὑμᾶς
Lemma
umav
Transliteration
umav
Morphology
Greek: personal pronoun
Part of Speech
personal pronoun
Strong's
G4771
Occurrences
438
καλῶς
Lemma
kalwv
Transliteration
kalwv
Morphology
Greek: adverb
Part of Speech
adverb
Strong's
G2573
Occurrences
36
ποιεῖτε
Lemma
poieite
Transliteration
poieite
Morphology
Greek: verb present active imperative plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
G4160
Occurrences
35
τοὺς
Lemma
touv
Transliteration
touv
Morphology
Greek: article accusative plural masculine
Part of Speech
article
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
732
μισοῦντας
Transliteration
misountav
Morphology
Greek: verb present active participle accusative plural masculine
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
G3404
Occurrences
1
ὑμᾶς
Lemma
umav
Transliteration
umav
Morphology
Greek: personal pronoun
Part of Speech
personal pronoun
Strong's
G4771
Occurrences
438
καὶ
Lemma
kai
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
9284
προσεύχεσθε
Transliteration
proseucesqe
Morphology
Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent imperative plural
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
G4336
Occurrences
14
ὑπὲρ
Lemma
uper
Transliteration
uper
Morphology
Greek: preposition
Part of Speech
preposition
Strong's
G5228
Occurrences
163
τῶν
Lemma
twn
Transliteration
twn
Morphology
Greek: article genitive plural masculine
Part of Speech
article
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
1242
ἐπηρεαζόντων
Transliteration
ephreazontwn
Morphology
Greek: verb present active participle genitive plural masculine
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
G1908
Occurrences
2
ὑμᾶς
Lemma
umav
Transliteration
umav
Morphology
Greek: personal pronoun
Part of Speech
personal pronoun
Strong's
G4771
Occurrences
438
καὶ
Lemma
kai
Transliteration
kai
Morphology
Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech
conjunction
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
9284
διωκόντων
Transliteration
diwkontwn
Morphology
Greek: verb present active participle genitive plural masculine
Part of Speech
verb
Strong's
G1377
Occurrences
1
ὑμᾶς
Lemma
umav
Transliteration
umav
Morphology
Greek: personal pronoun
Part of Speech
personal pronoun
Strong's
G4771
Occurrences
438
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain

Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel

Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.

ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν, ἀγαπᾶτε τοὺς ἐχθροὺς ὑμῶν καὶ προσεύχεσθε ὑπὲρ τῶν διωκόντων ὑμᾶς,

14 word entries
ἐγὼ
Lemma
ἐγώ
Morphology
P-1NS
Part of Speech
P
Strong's
G1473
Occurrences
1719
δὲ
Lemma
δέ
Morphology
CONJ
Part of Speech
CONJ
Strong's
G1161
Occurrences
2771
λέγω
Morphology
V-PAI-1S
Part of Speech
V
Strong's
G3004
Occurrences
2252
ὑμῖν,
Morphology
P-2DP
Part of Speech
P
Strong's
G5210
Occurrences
1828
ἀγαπᾶτε
Morphology
V-PAM-2P
Part of Speech
V
Strong's
G0025
Occurrences
143
τοὺς
Lemma
Morphology
T-APM
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
19763
ἐχθροὺς
Morphology
A-APM
Part of Speech
A
Strong's
G2190
Occurrences
32
ὑμῶν
Morphology
P-2GP
Part of Speech
P
Strong's
G5210
Occurrences
1828
καὶ
Lemma
καί
Morphology
CONJ
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's
G2532
Occurrences
8969
προσεύχεσθε
Morphology
V-PNM-2P
Part of Speech
V
Strong's
G4336
Occurrences
85
ὑπὲρ
Morphology
PREP
Part of Speech
PREP
Strong's
G5228
Occurrences
148
τῶν
Lemma
Morphology
T-GPM
Part of Speech
article
Definition
Greek definite article.
Strong's
G3588
Occurrences
19763
διωκόντων
Morphology
V-PAP-GPM
Part of Speech
V
Strong's
G1377
Occurrences
44
ὑμᾶς,
Morphology
P-2AP
Part of Speech
P
Strong's
G5210
Occurrences
1828
Syriac Peshitta New Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Coverage: New Testament

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܐܢܐ ܕܝܢ ܐܡܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܐܚܒܘ ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܟܘܢ ܘܒܪܟܘ ܠܡܢ ܕܠܐܛ ܠܟܘܢ ܘܥܒܕܘ ܕܫܦܝܪ ܠܡܢ ܕܣܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ ܘܨܠܘ ܥܠ ܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܕܒܪܝܢ ܠܟܘܢ ܒܩܛܝܪܐ ܘܪܕܦܝܢ ܠܟܘܢ

24 word entries
ܐܢܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܐܢܐ
Transliteration
ena
Morphology
personal pronoun, first common singular
Gloss
I
Occurrences
1361
ܕܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܕܝܢ
Transliteration
dyn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
1830
ܐܡܪ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܐܡܪ
Transliteration
emar
Morphology
verb root/form
Gloss
said, spoke
Occurrences
885
ܐܢܐ
Confidence
medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma
ܐܢܐ
Transliteration
ena
Morphology
personal pronoun, first common singular
Gloss
I
Occurrences
1361
ܠܟܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lkwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
676
ܐܚܒܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'hbw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
7
ܠܒܥܠܕܒܒܝܟܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lb'ldbbykwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
3
ܘܒܪܟܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wbrkw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
3
ܠܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܠܡܢ
Transliteration
lmn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
46
ܕܠܐܛ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dl't
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
1
ܠܟܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lkwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
676
ܘܥܒܕܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
w'bdw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
11
ܕܫܦܝܪ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dshpyr
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
16
ܠܡܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܠܡܢ
Transliteration
lmn
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
46
ܕܣܢܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
dsn'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
10
ܠܟܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lkwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
676
ܘܨܠܘ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wslw
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
5
ܥܠ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma
ܥܠ
Transliteration
'l
Morphology
Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences
909
ܐܝܠܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
'ylyn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
Occurrences
319
ܕܕܒܪܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
ddbryn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences
2
ܠܟܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lkwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
676
ܒܩܛܝܪܐ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
bqtyr'
Morphology
probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences
6
ܘܪܕܦܝܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
wrdpyn
Morphology
possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences
2
ܠܟܘܢ
Confidence
low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note
Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Transliteration
lkwn
Morphology
possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed preposition l-
Occurrences
676
Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

Ego autem dico vobis: diligite inimicos vestros, benefacite his qui oderunt vos, et orate pro persequentibus et calumniantibus vos:

19 word entries
ego
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
ego
Transliteration
ego
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
6108
autem
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
autem
Transliteration
autem
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Occurrences
5069
dico
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
dico
Transliteration
dico
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
6477
vobis
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uos
Transliteration
vobis
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
2958
diligite
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
diligo
Transliteration
diligite
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
338
inimicos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
inimicos
Morphology
GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences
389
vestros
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uester
Transliteration
vestros
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
1504
benefacite
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
benefacite
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
37
his
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
hic
Transliteration
his
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
4646
qui
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
qui
Transliteration
qui
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
15011
oderunt
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
odi
Transliteration
oderunt
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
150
vos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uos
Transliteration
vos
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
2958
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
orate
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
oro
Transliteration
orate
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
220
pro
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
pro
Transliteration
pro
Morphology
GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Occurrences
1148
persequentibus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
persequentibus
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
182
et
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
et
Transliteration
et
Morphology
GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss
and
Part of Speech
conjunction
Definition
and, also, even
Etymology
Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences
50526
calumniantibus
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Transliteration
calumniantibus
Morphology
GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences
2
vos
Status
Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma
uos
Transliteration
vos
Morphology
GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences
2958

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Romans 12:14

Bless your persecutors – bless and never curse.

89 relevance votes

1 Peter 3:9

never returning evil for evil, or abuse for abuse, but, on the contrary, blessing. It was to this that you were called – to obtain a blessing!

83 relevance votes

Luke 23:34

Then Jesus said, “Father, forgive them; they do not know what they are doing.” His clothes they divided among them by casting lots.

45 relevance votes

1 Peter 2:23

He was abused, but he did not answer with abuse; he suffered, but he did not threaten; he entrusted himself to him whose judgments are just.

40 relevance votes

Acts 7:60

Falling on his knees, he called out loudly, “Lord! Do not charge them with this sin;” and with these words he fell asleep.

35 relevance votes

Psalms 7:4

if friends I paid back with evil, if I plundered my foes without cause,

17 relevance votes
Chapter 5 of 28 Verse 44 of 48