20 As soon, however, as you see Jerusalem surrounded by armed camps, then you may know that the hour of her desecration is at hand.
Open English Bible, US Edition
Luke 21
Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 20
Show original chapter
Original Language
Source Text Study
Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Luke 21:20. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.
Panels
4
Word Entries
54
Editorial Notes
0
How to read this study data
Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.
When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.
Greek Textus Receptus
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament
Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.
Ὅταν δὲ ἴδητε κυκλουμένην ὑπὸ στρατοπέδων τὴν Ἱερουσαλήμ, τότε γνῶτε ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ ἐρήμωσις αὐτῆς.
15 word entries
Ὅταν
δὲ
ἴδητε
κυκλουμένην
- Lemma
- kukloumenhn
- Transliteration
- kukloumenhn
- Morphology
- Greek: verb present passive participle accusative singular feminine
- Part of Speech
- verb
- Strong's
- G2944
- Occurrences
- 1
ὑπὸ
στρατοπέδων
- Lemma
- stratopedwn
- Transliteration
- stratopedwn
- Morphology
- Greek: noun genitive plural neuter
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G4760
- Occurrences
- 1
τὴν
Ἱερουσαλήμ
- Lemma
- ierousalhm
- Transliteration
- ierousalhm
- Morphology
- Greek: noun
- Part of Speech
- noun
- Strong's
- G2419
- Occurrences
- 83
τότε
γνῶτε
ὅτι
ἤγγικεν
ἡ
ἐρήμωσις
Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament
Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain
Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel
Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.
Ὅταν δὲ ἴδητε κυκλουμένην ὑπὸ στρατοπέδων Ἱερουσαλήμ, τότε γνῶτε ὅτι ἤγγικεν ἡ ἐρήμωσις αὐτῆς.
14 word entries
στρατοπέδων
- Lemma
- στρατόπεδον
- Morphology
- N-GPN
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G4760
- Occurrences
- 1
Ἱερουσαλήμ,
- Lemma
- Ἱερουσαλήμ
- Morphology
- N-PRI
- Part of Speech
- N
- Strong's
- G2419
- Occurrences
- 79
ἡ
Syriac Peshitta New Testament
Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License
Coverage: New Testament
Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.
ܡܐ ܕܝܢ ܕܚܙܝܬܘܢ ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ ܕܚܕܝܪܝܢ ܠܗ ܚܝܠܐ ܗܝܕܝܢ ܕܥܘ ܕܩܪܒ ܠܗ ܚܘܪܒܗ
12 word entries
ܡܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܡܐ
- Transliteration
- m'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 184
ܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 1830
ܕܚܙܝܬܘܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܙܝܬܘܢ
- Transliteration
- dhzytwn
- Morphology
- possible masculine plural or verbal/pronominal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 12
ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܐܘܪܫܠܡ
- Transliteration
- l'wrshlm
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 59
ܕܚܕܝܪܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܚܕܝܪܝܢ
- Transliteration
- dhdyryn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 2
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗ
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1592
ܚܝܠܐ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܝܠܐ
- Transliteration
- hyl'
- Morphology
- probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
- Occurrences
- 39
ܗܝܕܝܢ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܗܝܕܝܢ
- Transliteration
- hydyn
- Morphology
- possible plural/participle or finite verbal ending
- Occurrences
- 132
ܕܥܘ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܥܘ
- Transliteration
- d'w
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 13
ܕܩܪܒ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܕܩܪܒ
- Transliteration
- dqrb
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
- Occurrences
- 6
ܠܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܠܗ
- Transliteration
- lh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed preposition l-
- Occurrences
- 1592
ܚܘܪܒܗ
- Confidence
- low preliminary Syriac pattern
- Note
- Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
- Lemma
- ܚܘܪܒܗ
- Transliteration
- hwrbh
- Morphology
- Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
- Occurrences
- 1
Latin Vulgate Clementine
Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology
Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported
Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.
Cum autem videritis circumdari ab exercitu Jerusalem, tunc scitote quia appropinquavit desolatio ejus:
13 word entries
cum
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- cum
- Transliteration
- cum
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5272
autem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- autem
- Transliteration
- autem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 5069
videritis
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- uideo
- Transliteration
- videritis
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 1988
circumdari
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- circumdo
- Transliteration
- circumdari
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 111
ab
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- ab
- Transliteration
- ab
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
- Occurrences
- 3693
exercitu
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- exercitus
- Transliteration
- exercitu
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 631
Hierusalem
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- Hierosolyma
- Transliteration
- Hierusalem
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: proper noun
- Occurrences
- 852
tunc
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- tunc
- Transliteration
- tunc
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: adverb
- Occurrences
- 409
scitote
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- scio
- Transliteration
- scitote
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 693
quia
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- quia
- Transliteration
- quia
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: subordinating conjunction
- Occurrences
- 2543
adpropinquavit
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- appropinquo
- Transliteration
- adpropinquavit
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: verb
- Occurrences
- 95
desolatio
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- desolatio
- Transliteration
- desolatio
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: noun
- Occurrences
- 20
eius
- Status
- Dataset-backed morphology
- Lemma
- is
- Transliteration
- eius
- Morphology
- GreLa POS: pronoun
- Occurrences
- 17810
Ranked cross references
Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.
Luke 19:43
For a time is coming when your enemies will surround you with earthworks, and encircle you, and hem you in on all sides;
13 relevance votesDaniel 9:27
7 relevance votesMark 13:14
“As soon, however, as you see ‘the Foul Desecration’ standing where it ought not” (the reader must consider what this means) “then those of you who are in Judea must take refuge in the mountains;
7 relevance votesLuke 21:7
So the disciples questioned Jesus, “But, teacher, when will this happen? And what sign will there be when this is near?”
4 relevance votesMatthew 24:15
As soon, then, as you see ‘the Foul Desecration,’ mentioned by the prophet Daniel, standing in the Holy place,” (the reader must consider what this means)
4 relevance votes