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Open English Bible, US Edition

Luke 18

Open English Bible, US Edition, Verse 2

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² “There was,” he said, “in a certain town a judge, who had no reverence for God nor regard for people.

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Original Language

Source Text Study

Relevant source witnesses currently attached to Luke 18:2. Some ancient sources use different book or verse structures, so availability notes call out gaps honestly instead of forcing five panels everywhere.

Panels 4

Word Entries 61

Editorial Notes 0

How to read this study data

Source panels are separated by tradition and license. Imported or dataset-backed morphology is stronger than generated or rule-aligned morphology, and editorial alignment notes explain source-structure exceptions without pretending to be ancient source text.

When a verse uses different numbering in a source tradition, Spirit Nation may show the closest mapped source reference and label it directly on the panel.

Greek Textus Receptus Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: New Testament

Greek New Testament source layer with imported morphology.

λέγων, Κριτής τις ἦν ἔν τινι πόλει, τὸν Θεὸν μὴ φοβούμενος, καὶ ἄνθρωπον μὴ ἐντρεπόμενος·

15 word entries

λέγων

Lemma: legwn
Transliteration: legwn
Morphology: Greek: verb present active participle nominative singular masculine
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: G3004
Occurrences: 188

Κριτής

Lemma: krithv
Transliteration: krithv
Morphology: Greek: noun nominative singular masculine
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: G2923
Occurrences: 9

τις

Lemma: tiv
Transliteration: tiv
Morphology: Greek: indefinite pronoun nominative singular masculine
Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun
Strong's: G5100
Occurrences: 391

ἦν

Lemma: hn
Transliteration: hn
Morphology: Greek: verb imperfect active indicative singular
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 421

ἔν

Lemma: en
Transliteration: en
Morphology: Greek: preposition
Part of Speech: preposition
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 2872

τινι

Lemma: tini
Transliteration: tini
Morphology: Greek: indefinite pronoun dative singular feminine
Part of Speech: indefinite pronoun
Strong's: G5100
Occurrences: 33

πόλει

Lemma: polei
Transliteration: polei
Morphology: Greek: noun dative singular feminine
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: G4172
Occurrences: 21

τὸν

Lemma: ton
Transliteration: ton
Morphology: Greek: article accusative singular masculine
Part of Speech: article
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 1623

Θεὸν

Lemma: qeon
Transliteration: qeon
Morphology: Greek: noun accusative singular masculine
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 149

μὴ

Lemma: mh
Transliteration: mh
Morphology: Greek: particle nominative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: G3361
Occurrences: 1034

φοβούμενος

Lemma: foboumenov
Transliteration: foboumenov
Morphology: Greek: verb present middle/passive deponent participle nominative singular masculine
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: G5399
Occurrences: 6

καὶ

Lemma: kai
Transliteration: kai
Morphology: Greek: conjunction
Part of Speech: conjunction
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 9284

ἄνθρωπον

Lemma: anqrwpon
Transliteration: anqrwpon
Morphology: Greek: noun accusative singular masculine
Part of Speech: noun
Strong's: G444
Occurrences: 62

μὴ

Lemma: mh
Transliteration: mh
Morphology: Greek: particle nominative
Part of Speech: particle
Strong's: G3361
Occurrences: 1034

ἐντρεπόμενος

Lemma: entrepomenov
Transliteration: entrepomenov
Morphology: Greek: verb present passive participle nominative singular masculine
Part of Speech: verb
Strong's: G1788
Occurrences: 1

Tischendorf / Westcott-Hort Greek New Testament Greek · Greek New Testament · Public Domain

Source

Coverage: New Testament sample / proof panel

Proof-of-flow source panel, not full coverage.

λέγων· κριτής τις ἦν ἔν τινι πόλει τὸν θεὸν μὴ φοβούμενος καὶ ἄνθρωπον μὴ ἐντρεπόμενος.

15 word entries

λέγων·

Lemma: λέγω
Morphology: V-PAP-NSM
Part of Speech: V
Strong's: G3004
Occurrences: 2252

κριτής

Lemma: κριτής
Morphology: N-NSM
Part of Speech: N
Strong's: G2923
Occurrences: 19

τις

Lemma: τὶς
Morphology: X-NSM
Part of Speech: X
Strong's: G5100
Occurrences: 526

ἦν

Lemma: εἰμί
Morphology: V-IAI-3S
Part of Speech: verb
Definition: To be or exist.
Strong's: G1510
Occurrences: 2459

ἔν

Lemma: ἐν
Morphology: PREP
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: Preposition commonly taking the dative.
Strong's: G1722
Occurrences: 2740

τινι

Lemma: τὶς
Morphology: X-DSF
Part of Speech: X
Strong's: G5100
Occurrences: 526

πόλει

Lemma: πόλις
Morphology: N-DSF
Part of Speech: N
Strong's: G4172
Occurrences: 164

τὸν

Lemma: ὁ
Morphology: T-ASM
Part of Speech: article
Definition: Greek definite article.
Strong's: G3588
Occurrences: 19763

θεὸν

Lemma: θεός
Morphology: N-ASM
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity, or divine being.
Strong's: G2316
Occurrences: 1312

μὴ

Lemma: μή
Morphology: PRT-N
Part of Speech: PRT
Strong's: G3361
Occurrences: 1033

φοβούμενος

Lemma: φοβέω
Morphology: V-PNP-NSM
Part of Speech: V
Strong's: G5399
Occurrences: 95

καὶ

Lemma: καί
Morphology: CONJ
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: Coordinating conjunction.
Strong's: G2532
Occurrences: 8969

ἄνθρωπον

Lemma: ἄνθρωπος
Morphology: N-ASM
Part of Speech: N
Strong's: G0444
Occurrences: 550

μὴ

Lemma: μή
Morphology: PRT-N
Part of Speech: PRT
Strong's: G3361
Occurrences: 1033

ἐντρεπόμενος.

Lemma: ἐντρέπω
Morphology: V-PPP-NSM
Part of Speech: V
Strong's: G1788
Occurrences: 9

Syriac Peshitta New Testament Syriac · Syriac Peshitta · MIT License

Source

Coverage: New Testament

Ancient Syriac translation tradition. Text coverage is imported; word-level morphology is marked pending until a dedicated Syriac morphology source is attached.

ܕܝܢܐ ܚܕ ܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ ܚܕܐ ܕܡܢ ܐܠܗܐ ܠܐ ܕܚܠ ܗܘܐ ܘܡܢ ܒܢܝܢܫܐ ܠܐ ܡܬܟܚܕ ܗܘܐ

16 word entries

ܕܝܢܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܝܢܐ
Transliteration: dyn'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 55

ܚܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܕ
Transliteration: hd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 412

ܐܝܬ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܐܝܬ
Transliteration: 'yt
Morphology: possible feminine singular, construct, or verbal ending
Occurrences: 330

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1535

ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܡܕܝܢܬܐ
Transliteration: bmdynt'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 22

ܚܕܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܚܕܐ
Transliteration: hd'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a
Occurrences: 120

ܕܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܡܢ
Transliteration: dmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 259

ܐܠܗܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܐܠܗܐ
Transliteration: alaha
Morphology: noun, masculine emphatic singular
Gloss: God
Occurrences: 497

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 1681

ܕܚܠ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܕܚܠ
Transliteration: dhl
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; possible prefixed relative/genitive marker d-
Occurrences: 15

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1535

ܘܡܢ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܘܡܢ
Transliteration: wmn
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review; prefixed conjunction
Occurrences: 285

ܒܢܝܢܫܐ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܒܢܝܢܫܐ
Transliteration: bnynsh'
Morphology: probable emphatic-state noun/adjective or verbal form ending in -a; possible prefixed preposition b-
Occurrences: 63

ܠܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܠܐ
Transliteration: la
Morphology: negative particle
Gloss: not
Occurrences: 1681

ܡܬܟܚܕ

Confidence: low preliminary Syriac pattern
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac pattern classification. It improves searchability and display coverage, but exact parsing requires human or dataset review.
Lemma: ܡܬܟܚܕ
Transliteration: mtkhd
Morphology: Syriac source token; morphology requires contextual review
Occurrences: 2

ܗܘܐ

Confidence: medium preliminary Syriac rule/lexicon alignment
Note: Spirit Nation preliminary Syriac lexicon alignment. Useful for search and first-pass study; review before labeling as verified scholarship.
Lemma: ܗܘܐ
Transliteration: hwa
Morphology: verb, being/becoming root form
Gloss: was, became
Occurrences: 1535

Latin Vulgate Clementine Latin · Latin Vulgate · Public Domain text; CC BY-SA 4.0 morphology

Source

Coverage: Bible and Apocrypha where imported

Latin textual tradition with GreLa-backed lemma/POS morphology for most tokens.

dicens: Judex quidam erat in quadam civitate, qui Deum non timebat, et hominem non reverebatur.

15 word entries

dicens

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: dico
Transliteration: dicens
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 6477

iudex

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: iudex
Transliteration: iudex
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 101

quidam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quidam
Transliteration: quidam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 306

erat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: sum
Transliteration: erat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 20614

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: in
Transliteration: in
Morphology: GreLa POS: adposition/preposition
Gloss: in
Part of Speech: preposition
Definition: in, into, among, on
Etymology: Latin preposition used with ablative for location or with accusative for motion.
Occurrences: 22264

quadam

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: quidam
Transliteration: quadam
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 306

civitate

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: ciuitas
Transliteration: civitate
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1108

qui

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: qui
Transliteration: qui
Morphology: GreLa POS: pronoun
Occurrences: 15011

Deum

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: deus
Transliteration: Deum
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Gloss: God
Part of Speech: noun
Definition: God, deity
Etymology: Latin noun for God or a god.
Occurrences: 4889

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

timebat

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: timeo
Transliteration: timebat
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 477

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: et
Transliteration: et
Morphology: GreLa POS: coordinating conjunction
Gloss: and
Part of Speech: conjunction
Definition: and, also, even
Etymology: Basic Latin coordinating conjunction.
Occurrences: 50526

hominem

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: homo
Transliteration: hominem
Morphology: GreLa POS: noun
Occurrences: 1653

non

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: non
Transliteration: non
Morphology: GreLa POS: adverb
Occurrences: 7320

verebatur

Status: Dataset-backed morphology
Lemma: uereor
Transliteration: verebatur
Morphology: GreLa POS: verb
Occurrences: 19

Ranked cross references

Connections are ranked by community votes in the OpenBible.info cross-reference dataset (CC BY 4.0). They suggest related themes, words, events, or people; they are not automatic interpretations.

Chapter 18 of 24 Verse 2 of 43

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Luke 18

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Ranked cross references

Proverbs 29:7

Luke 18:4

Isaiah 33:8